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Nome: -1_fruit_island_away_diminutive
Quantidade de documentos: 4446
The letter X did not exist in Latin until the time of Augustus, [and it was fitting for it to come into existence at that time, in which the name of Christ became known, which is written using the letter which makes the sign of the cross], but they used to write CS in its place, whence X is called a double letter, because it is used for CS, so that it takes its name from the composition of these same letters.
A verse (versus, also meaning "furrow") is commonly so called because the ancients would write in the same way that land is plowed: they would first draw their stylus from left to right, and then 'turn back' (convertere) the verses on the line below, and then back again to the right - whence still today country people call furrows versus.
The sacramental 'laying onof hands' (manusimpositio) is done to bid the Holy Spirit come, invoked by means of a blessing, for at that time the Paraclete, after the bodies have been cleansed and blessed, willingly descends from the Father and as it were settles on the water of baptism, as if in recognition of its settling on its original seat - for it is read that in the beginning the Holy Spirit moved over the waters (Genesis 1.2).
Nome: 0_currere_callum_cardo_circulus
Quantidade de documentos: 191
Antiphrasis (antiphrasis) is a term to be understood from its opposite, as 'grove' (lucus) because it lacks light (lux, gen. lucis), due to the excessive shade of the forest; and 'ghosts' (manes, from old Latin mani, "benevolent ones"), that is, 'mild ones' - although they are actually pitiless - and 'moderate ones' - although they are terrifying and savage (immanes); and the Parcae and Eumenides (lit. in Greek "the gracious ones"), that is, the Furies, because they spare (parcere) and are gracious to no one.
. 'Beasts of burden' (iumenta) derive their name from the fact that they assist (iuvare) our labor and burdens by their help in carrying or plowing, for the ox pulls the carriage and turns the hardest clods of earth with the plowshare; the horse and ass carry burdens, and ease people's labor when they travel.
Some people think the ludix (i.e. lodix, "coverlet") is named from public games (ludus), that is, the theater, for when young men used to leave the brothel at the public games, they would conceal their heads and faces with these coverings, because someone who has entered a whorehouse is usually ashamed.
Nome: 1_mitra_oars_rope_flax
Quantidade de documentos: 182
. Frankincense (tus) is a huge and well-branched tree of Arabia, with very smooth bark and branches like the maple's, dripping a white, aromatic sap, like an almond tree, that is turned into a powder by chewing.
Pirate (piraticus) wars are sporadic wars on the sea against brigands, when light, swift pirate ships plunder not only shipping routes but also islands and provinces.
A mitra (i.e. a kind of head-dress, a bonnet) is a Phrygian pilleum (i.e. a cap), covering the head, the sort of ornament worn on the heads of women who have taken religious vows.
Nome: 2_vulgate_psalm_sallust_thou
Quantidade de documentos: 158
With regard to time it has truly been said (I Thessalonians 5:17), "Pray without ceasing," but this applies to individuals; in a religious community there is a service at certain hours to signal the divisions of the day - at the third hour, the sixth, and the ninth (i.e. Terce, Sext, and Nones) - and likewise the divisions of the night.
But we also read that Daniel observed these times in his prayer (Daniel 6:13), and in any case it is the teaching from the Israelites that we should pray not less than three times a day, for we are debtors of three - Father, Son, and Holy Spirit - not counting, of course, other prayers as well, which are due without any notice being given, at the onset of day or of night or of the watches of the night.
For instance (Psalm 98:1 Vulgate), "He that sitteth on the cherubims" is said with reference to position; and (Psalm 103:6 Vulgate) "The deep like a garment is its clothing," referring to vesture; and (Psalm 101:28 Vulgate) "Thy years shall not fail," which pertains to time; and (Psalm 138:8 Vulgate) "If I ascend into heaven, thou art there," referring to place.
Nome: 3_premise_proportion_major premise_minor premise
Quantidade de documentos: 126
Thirty divisions of the grammatical art are enumerated by some, that is: the eight parts of speech, enunciation, letters, syllables, feet, accent, punctuation, critical signs, spelling, analogy, etymology, glosses, differentiation, barbarisms, solecisms, faults, metaplasms, schemes, tropes, prose, meter, tales, and histories.
This class of arguments is divided into five types: first, 'by the character' (ex persona); second, 'by the authority of nature' (ex naturae auctoritate); third, 'by the circumstances of the authorities' (ex temporibus auctoritatum); fourth, 'from the sayings and deeds of ancestors' (ex dictis factisque maiorum); fifth, 'by torture' (ex tormentis).
Thus our ancestors divided the earth into parts, parts into provinces, provinces into regions, regions into locales, locales into territories, territories into fields, fields into hundred-measures, hundred-measures into jugers, jugers into lots sixty feet square, and then these lots into furrow-measures, Roman rods, paces, steps, cubits, feet, palms, inches, and fingers.
Nome: 4_greeks black_black s2a_o2o_s2a
Quantidade de documentos: 124
A holocaust (holocaustum) is a sacrifice in which all that is offered is consumed by fire, for when the ancients would perform their greatest sacrifices, they would consume the whole sacrificial victim in the flame of the rites, and those were holocausts, for o2oç in Greek means "whole," mauotç means "burning," and holocaust, "wholly burnt."
Little by little the Libyans altered the name of these people, in their barbarous tongue calling the Medes 'Moors' (Maurus), although the Moors are named by the Greeks for their color, for the Greeks call black µaUpóç (i.e. ?µaUpóç, "dark"), and indeed, blasted by blistering heat, they have a countenance of a dark color.
The mulberry tree (morus, also meaning "blackberry") is so named by the Greeks (i.e. µópov, "mulberry, blackberry"), and Latin speakers call it the rubus (lit. "blackberry bush") because its fruit or foliage is red (rubere).
Nome: 5_vis_force vis_arms arma_lover
Quantidade de documentos: 103
Switches (virga) are the tips of branches and trees, so called because they are green (viridis), or because they possess the power of persuading (vis arguendi); if it is smooth, it is a switch, but if it is knotty and has points, it is correctly called by the term scorpio (lit. "scorpion"), because it is driven into the body leaving a curved wound.
3. Varro is the originator of the idea that 'seers' (vates) are so called from the force (vis) of the mind, or from plaiting (viere) songs, that is, from 'turning' or modulating them; accordingly the poets in Latin were once called vates, and their writings called 'prophetic' (vaticinius), because they were inspired to write by a certain force (vis), a madness (vesania), as it were; or because they 'link' words in rhythms, with the ancients using the term viere instead of vincire ("bind").
The wether (vervex) is either named from 'force' (vis, gen. viris), because it is stronger than the other sheep, or because it is male (vir), that is, masculine; or because it has a worm (vermis) in its head - irritated by the itching of these worms they butt against each other and strike with great force when they fight.
Nome: 6_years_40 years_40_11 years
Quantidade de documentos: 93
Gad, Nathan, and Asaph prophesied.] 4204 Solomon, 40 years.
4773 Artaxerxes, 40 years.
4832 Artaxerxes, 40 years.
Nome: 7_impostor_galbanum_yarn netum_abrotanum
Quantidade de documentos: 82
Pickled olives (colymbas) are so called . . .
Olus molle (lit. "soft vegetable") . .
The 'wild radish' (armoracia), that is, lapsana . .
Nome: 8_south_north_west_bounded
Quantidade de documentos: 82
It is located where Syria begins and touches Armenia in the east, Asia Minor in the west, and the Cimmerian Sea and the Themiscyrian plains, which belong to the Amazons, in the north; in the south it reaches the Taurus mountains, under which Ciliciaand Isauria stretch out to the Gulf of Cilicia, which faces the isle of Cyprus.
The third of the globe that is called Europe (Europa) begins with the river Tanais (i.e. the Don), passing to the west along the northern Ocean as far as the border of Spain, and its eastern and southern parts rise from the Pontus (i.e. the Black Sea) and are bordered the whole way by the Mediterranean and end in the islands of Gades (i.e. Cadiz).
In its northern region it is enclosed by the bordering Mediterranean and is bounded by the straits of Cadiz (i.e. Gibraltar), containing the provinces of Libya Cyrenensis, Pentapolis, Tripolis, Byzacium, Carthage, Numidia, Mauretania Sitifensis, Mauretania Tingitana, and Ethiopia under the burning sun.
Nome: 9_parricide_parents_mother_germanus
Quantidade de documentos: 80
There is a difference between a matron and a mother, and between a mother and a materfamilias; for a woman is called a 'matron' because she has entered in matrimony; a 'mother' because she has borne children; and 'materfamilias' because through certain procedures of law she has passed over into the household (familia) of her husband.
193. 'Prodigal' (nepos), so called from a certain kind of scorpion (i.e. nepa) that consumes its offspring except for the one that has settled on its back; for in turn the very one that has been saved consumes the parent; hence people who consume the property of their parents with riotous living are called prodigals.
Parricide (parricida) is the proper word for someone who kills his own parent (parens), although some of the ancients called this a parenticida because the act of parricide can also be understood as the homicide (homicidium) of anybody, since one 'human being' (homo) is the equal (par) of another.
Nome: 10_pyupo silver_pyupo_swallow_painted
Quantidade de documentos: 79
itus, lit. "go apart") into different factions - for they greatly rejoice in disturbances and in tumult.
ambitus, lit. "go round"); he is likely to lose the position that he gains by graft.
, "swallow") or because if the eyes of young swallows are plucked out, their mothers are said to heal them with this herb.
Nome: 11_says cf_fr concerning_ovid_saying cf
Quantidade de documentos: 79
In strife and battle of this kind the book of Ecclesiasticus used the ornament of this type of locution, saying (cf. 33:15
Some stars become irregular when they are hindered by the sun's rays, becoming retrograde or stationary, according to what the poet recalls when he says (cf.
A certain sorceress (maga) is also reported, the very famous Circe, who turned the companions of Ulysses into beasts.
Nome: 12_glide_2250_glide labi_ironpointed javelins
Quantidade de documentos: 76
1.546): If the fates preserve the man, if he is nourished by the etherial air, and does not yet recline in the cruel shades . .
4.584 and 9.459): And now, early Aurora was scattering new light on the earth, leaving the saffron bed of Tithonus.
1.412): Multum nebulae circum dea fudit amictum (The goddess surrounded (them) with a thick mantle of mist), instead of circumfudit.
Nome: 13_india_india arabia_arabia_occurs india
Quantidade de documentos: 74
Particularly white alabaster originates around Thebes in Egypt and Damascus in Syria, but the highest quality comes from India.
There is a great difference in the types of water in which the glowing iron is plunged when it is tempered, such as the waters of Bilbilis and Tirassona in Spain, and Como in Italy.
The chief resin is turpentine (terebinthina), the best of all; it is imported from Arabia Petraea, Judea, and Syria, from Cyprus and Africa, and from the Cycladean islands.
Nome: 14_marinus_spider_quills_called pupils
Quantidade de documentos: 71
The pupil (pupilla) is the middle point of the eye in which the power of vision resides; because small images appear to us there, they are called pupils, since small children are called pupils (pupillus,a term for a minor under the care of a guardian).
The 'ant lion' (formicoleon) is so called either because it is the lion (leo) of ants or, more likely, because it is equally an ant and a lion, for it is a small animal very dangerous to ants because it hides itself in the dust and kills the ants carrying grain.
Sheatfish (porcus marinus, lit. "sea pigs"), commonly called suilli (lit. "small swine"), are so named because when they seek food they root up the earth underwater like swine.
Nome: 15_ante_praeesse_princeps_prae
Quantidade de documentos: 69
2.A prognostic (prognosticon) is a treatise on the foreseeing of the progression of diseases, so called from 'foreknowing' (praenoscere), for a physician should recognize the past, know the present, and foresee the future.
The alites are those that seem to show the future by their flight (cf. ala, "wing"); if they are unpropitious, they are called inebrae, because they inhibit (inhibere), that is, they forbid; if they are propitious, they are called praepetes.
A 'manor' (praedium) is so called because, of all the possessions of the head of the family, it is the most 'seen before' (praevidere), that is, it is most visible, as if the word were praevidium - or because the ancients referred to the fields which they had seized in war as 'booty' (praeda).
Nome: 16_opposite pusillanimous_terror_illadvised_pusillanimis
Quantidade de documentos: 64
Headstrong (contentiosus), so called from purposefulness (intentio), one who claims something not according to reason, but from obstinacy alone.
Demented (demens), the same as one who is amens, that is, without mind (mens), or suffering a loss of mental power.
Innocent (innox), because such a one does not harm (nocere); innocuus, one who has not been harmed - but among the ancients there is no difference between the senses of the words.
Nome: 17_lux_light lux_lucere_lamp
Quantidade de documentos: 64
Based on color, as the maigre (umbra, lit. "shadow"), which are the color of shadows, and 'giltheads' (aureta), because they have the color of gold (aurum) on theirheads, and varii from variegation; these are commonly called 'trout' (tructa).
The nightingale (luscinia) is a bird that took its name because it is accustomed to indicate by its song the onset of the rising sun, as if its name were lucinia (cf. lux, gen. lucis, "light, sun").
Light (lux) is the substance itself, while illumination (lumen) is so called because it 'emanates from light' (a luce manare), that is, it is the brightness of light - but authors confuse this.
Nome: 18_geo_vergil geo_1299 naked_geo 1299
Quantidade de documentos: 62
Vergil, Aen. 2.348): Iuvenes, fortissima frustra pectora, si vobis audendi extrema cupido est certa sequi, quae sit rebus fortuna videtis.
She is a timid animal and unwarlike, concerning which Martial says (Epigrams 13.94): The boar is feared for his tusk, horns defend the stag; what are we unwarlike does (damae) but prey?
Martial says of it (Epigrams 12.98.1): Baetis, wreathe your hair with an olive-bearing crown, you who dye your fleece gold in sparkling waters - because woolen fleeces were dyed there to a beautiful color.
Nome: 19_turtles_kinds_white black_smaragdus scythian
Quantidade de documentos: 62
This type is divided into three species: some have a middle (medium); some are without a middle; and some have a middle but are nevertheless without a term for it, unless each of the contraries creates a term for it. 'White' and 'black' have a middle term, because often 'pale' or 'dark' is found between them.
There are four kinds of tortoise: land turtles; sea turtles; mud turtles, that is, those living in mud and swamps; the fourth kind are the river turtles, which live in fresh water.
India and Arabia produce these gems, but the two types are distinct from each other, for Indian onyx has sparkles in white encircling bands, while Arabian onyx is black with white bands.
Nome: 20_ahaziah grasps_grasps_ascension_salus
Quantidade de documentos: 62
Elisha means "salvation (salus) of the Lord."
Isaiah means "savior of the Lord," and deservedly, for more fully than others he heralded the Savior of the whole world and his holy mysteries.
Hosea, "savior," or "he who saves" (salvans), for when he prophesied the wrath of God against the people Israel for their crime of idolatry, he announced the safety (salus) of the house of Judah.
Nome: 21_species genus_accidents_unwillingly compelled_unwillingly
Quantidade de documentos: 60
): "By force and unwillingly compelled, I made a pact with him; when the pact was made, I brought him before the judge; when he was brought, I condemned him in the first assembly; when he was condemned, I discharged him willingly."
who wash their bodies and home and domestic utensils daily,]
With the loveliness of its situation and its charming features it stands out among all the cities of Spain and is famous, distinguished for its tombs of holy martyrs.]
Nome: 22_roman citadel_chose_founder roman_flock
Quantidade de documentos: 60
10.333): Bring close my weapons; my hand will not hurl any at the Rutulians in vain, weapons which stood in Greek bodies on the Trojan plain.
2.32): Pan was the first to teach joining many reeds together with wax, Pan whose concern is the flock and the keepers of the flock.
): He has become a loathsome bird, messenger of approaching sorrow, the lazy owl (bubo), a dire omen for mortals.
Nome: 23_translated latin_spectacle_term exomologesis_theater theatrum
Quantidade de documentos: 59
Among other things, they practice circumcision; they say there will be one thousand (mille) years of enjoyment of the flesh after resurrection, whence they are also called Chiliasts (Chiliasta; cf. yt2t?ç, "thousand") in Greek and Miliasts (Miliastus) in Latin.
The fifth is the age of an elder person (senior), that is, maturity (gravitas), which is the decline from youth into old age; it is not yet old age, but no longer youth, because it is the age of an older person, which the Greeks call pp?oßát?ç - for with the Greeks an old person is not called presbyter, but yspYv.
Just as with reference to physical bodies if things are arranged according to their weight, all heavier ones are lower, so with reference to the spirit, all the more grievous ones are lower; whence in the Greek language the origin of the term by which the underworld is called is said to echo 'what has nothing sweet' (i.e. taking the Greek (tm)A6?ç, "Hades, underworld," as from a +¡6áç, "not sweet").
Nome: 24_fovea_pit fovea_believe word_pt virtue
Quantidade de documentos: 59
They say this because the substance of a salt humor comes into being through coition, whence Venus is called %??po6(c)t?, because in coition there is a foam of blood that consists of a liquid and salt secretion of the internal parts.
Some think that the term 'fool' derives originally from admirers of Fatua, the prophesying wife of Faunus, and that they were first called fatuus because they were immoderately stupefied by her prophecies, to the point of madness.
Womanizer (femellarius), one devoted to women, whom the ancients called mulierarius.] Debauched (flagitiosus), because one frequently solicits (flagitare) and desires sensual pleasure.
Nome: 25_sapphic_meters_class_nations like
Quantidade de documentos: 58
The first age has the creation of the world as its beginning, for on the first day God, with the name of 'light,' created the angels; on the second, with the name of the 'firmament,' the heavens; on the third, with the name of 'division,' the appearance of waters and the earth; on the fourth, the luminaries of the sky; on the fifth, the living creatures from the waters; on the sixth, the living creatures from the earth and the human being, whom he called Adam.
ytoç, "holy"; yp????tv, "write"), in which there are nine books: first Job; second the Psalter; third Masloth, which is the Proverbs of Solomon; fourth Coheleth, which is Ecclesiastes; fifth Sir hassirim, which is the Song of Songs; sixth Daniel; seventh Dibre haiamim, which means 'words of the days' (verba dierum), that is Paralipomenon (i.e. Chronicles); eighth Ezra; ninth Esther.
In the New Testament there are two classes: first the Gospel (evangelicus) class, which contains Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, and second the Apostolic (apostolicus) class which contains Paul in fourteen epistles, Peter in two, John in three, James and Jude in single epistles, the Acts of the Apostles and the Apocalypse (i.e. Revelation) of John.
Nome: 26_gladiolus_leaves like_cold nature_soft like
Quantidade de documentos: 58
Faecinian grapes have tiny berries and tough skin; they trail Aminean grapes in quality and surpass them in fecundity.
The better kind grows on the island of Chios, and is goodsmelling, with the whiteness of Punic wax - hence it beautifies the glow of one's skin.
The gladiolus (gladiolus) has leaves like swords (gladius), a stalk a cubit long, and purple flowers.
Nome: 27_father son_son holy_holy spirit_spirit father
Quantidade de documentos: 58
And indeed, divine eloquence (i.e. the Bible) likewise consists of these three branches of philosophy; it is likely to treat nature, as in Genesis and Ecclesiastes, or conduct, as in Proverbs and here and there in all the books, or logic - by virtue of which our (Christian) writers lay claim to the theory of interpretation (theoretica) for themselves, as in the Song of Songs and the Gospels.
Hence, although they may be dispensed through the Church of God by good or by bad ministers, nevertheless because the Holy Spirit mystically vivifies them - that Spirit that formerly in apostolic times would appear in visible works - these gifts are neither enlarged by the merits of good ministers nor diminished by the bad, for (I Corinthians 3:7), "neither he that planteth is any thing, nor he that watereth; but God that giveth the increase."
But for the Father and Son and Holy Spirit, because of their one and equal divinity, the name is observed to be not 'gods' but 'God,' as the Apostle says (I Corinthians 8:6): "Yet to us there is but one God," or as we hear from the divine voice (Mark 12:29, etc.), "Hear, O Israel: the Lord thy God is one God," namely inasmuch as he is both the Trinity and the one Lord God.
Nome: 28_place time_related way_opposed_things opposed
Quantidade de documentos: 56
A law will be decent, just, enforceable, natural, in keeping with the custom of the country, appropriate to the place and time, needful, useful, and also clear - so that it does not hold anything that can deceive through obscurity - and for no private benefit, but for the common profit (communis utilitas) of the citizens.
1.A confirmation (catasceva) is a corroboration of the thing proposed, while a refutation (anasceva) is the contrary of the above, for it refutes the possibility that something proposed as having beenborn or made or said exists or ever existed.
With regard to style (elocutio) it will be correct to use what the matter, the place, the time, and the character of the audience require, ensuring that profane things are not be mingled with religious, immodest with chaste, frivolous with weighty, playful with earnest, or laughable with sad.
Nome: 29_drinks_distaste wine_distaste_ground mixed
Quantidade de documentos: 56
When a person puts sulfur in a goblet of wine and carries it around with hot coals beneath he glows with the eerie pallor of a corpse from the reflection of the blaze.
After having first been drenched with wine and blown on with bellows, it is burned until it turns red and is extinguished again with sweet wine three times in succession, so that it is useful for dying cloth.
The strength of the germ of moistened grain is aroused by fire, and then it is dried, and after it has been ground to a meal it is mixed with mild juice and, by its fermentation, a harsh taste and inebriating heat are added.
Nome: 30_concerning vergil_vergil says_ecl_says aen
Quantidade de documentos: 56
In Latin this is called none other than 'number' (numerus), regarding which is this (Vergil, Ecl. 9.45): I recall the numbers (numerus), if I could grasp the words!
Concerning it Vergil says (Aen.
Its fruit is an antidote for poison, and it is this property that the same poet wishes to be understood when he tells us that the life's breath is nourished by it (Vergil, Geo. 2.126-35).
Nome: 31_clouds_sun ascends_altitudes_brings night
Quantidade de documentos: 55
For when it is stirred, it makes winds; when more vehemently agitated, it makes lightning and thunder; when compressed, clouds; when condensed, rain; when it has frozen clouds, snow; when denser clouds freeze with more turbulence, hail; when it expands, bright weather.
Sometimes this shakes everything so violently that it seems to have split the sky, because, when a blast of very violent wind suddenly throws itself into clouds, with an increasingly powerful whirlwind seeking an exit, with a great crash it tears through the cloud, which it has hollowed out, and thus thunder is carried to the ears with a horrendous din.
The reason why the sea has no increase in its size, even though it receives all the rivers and springs, is partly because its own huge size is not affected by the waters flowing in; then again, it is because the bitter water consumes the fresh water flowing in; or because the clouds themselves draw up and absorb a great deal of water; or because the winds carry away part of the sea, and the sun dries up part; finally, because it is percolated through certain hidden openings in the earth, and runs back again to the source of springs and fountains.
Nome: 32_sanctus_holy sanctus_called holy_filled divine
Quantidade de documentos: 53
These things are called sacraments (sacramentum) for this reason, that under the covering of corporeal things the divine virtue very secretly brings about the saving power of those same sacraments - whence from their secret (secretus) or holy (sacer) power they are called sacraments.
Translated from Hebrew into Latin they are 'Multitude of Knowledge' (multitudo scientiae), for they are a higher band of angels, and because, placed nearer, they have been more amply filled with divine knowledge than the others, they are called Cherubim, that is, "Fullness (plenitudo) of Knowledge."
Arioli are so called because they utter abominable prayers around the 'altars of idols' (ara idolorum), and offer pernicious sacrifices, and in these rites receive the answers of demons.
Nome: 33_founded_nembroth_nation named_tros
Quantidade de documentos: 53
After the Flood, the giant Nimrod (Nembroth) first founded the Mesopotamian city of Babylon.
Nimrod (Nembroth), son of Chus, founded the Mesopotamian city Edessa after he moved from Babylon, and he reigned there.
Ancus Marcius was born from the daughter of Numa Pompilius; he founded a city at the mouth of the Tiber that would receive foreign goods and would ward off the enemy.
Nome: 34_pavire_caedere_penetralia_pavere
Quantidade de documentos: 53
Alarmed (pavidus) is one whom agitation of mind disturbs; such a one has a strong beating of the heart, a moving of the heart - for to quake (pavere) is to beat, whence also the term pavimentum (beaten floor; cf. pavire, "ram down").
13. 'Panic grass' (panicium) is so called because in many regions people are sustained by it 'in place of bread' (panis vice), as if the word were panivicium.
Country people call that part of the vine the palmes for this reason: palmes is a diminutive noun, which is called a 'noun with a changed ending' (nomen paragogum; see I.xxxv.3), because it is derived from palma (palm tree).
Nome: 35_baratrum_squama_fish scales_vaults
Quantidade de documentos: 52
5. Abyss (baratrum, i.e. barathrum, i.e. ß?pa9pov, "pit") is the word for an excessive depth: and it is called baratrum, as if the term were vorago atra ("black abyss"), that is, black from its depth.
6. Crocomagma ('saffron dregs'; cf. magma, "dregs of an unguent") is made when aromatic fluids are pressed out from saffron (crocinus) ointment and the sediment is shaped into little cakes, and therefore it is so called.
. Chased (caelatus) dishes are silver or gold, modeled inside and out with figures that stand out, so called from an engraver's burin (caelum), which is a kind of iron tool, which commonly is called a chisel (cilio).
Nome: 36_campania_presentday_cadiz_achates
Quantidade de documentos: 51
The city Septe (i.e. Ceuta) is named from its seven (septem) mountains, called The Brothers (Fratres) because of their mutual resemblance, which border on the Strait of Gibraltar (Gaditanus fretus, 'Strait of Cadiz').
Celtic spikenard takes its name from a territory in Gaul, yet it grows more abundantly in the Ligurian Alps as well as in Syria; it is a small bush whose roots are gathered into handfuls with cords.
. Colatum wine takes its name from the vessel in which it is transported (cf. colum, "strainer"), but Gazean (Gazeum) wine names the region from which it is imported, for Gaza is a city in Palestine.
Nome: 37_animus_auctus_glutton_number decem
Quantidade de documentos: 51
Stouthearted (animatus), as if 'endowed with vigor' (animo auctus), firm in spirit.
Magnanimous (magnanimis), because one has a 'great spirit' (magnus animus) and great virtue.
Vinolentus, one who both drinks a lot and only becomes drunk with difficulty (cf. vinum, "wine"; lentus, "slow").
Nome: 38_cf ypuo_ypuo_ypuo gold_gold cf
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6. 'White clay' (argilla) is named from the Argives, who were the first to make vases from it. 'Cretan earth' (Creta, i.e. white potter's clay) is named from Crete, where the better sort is found.
Haematite (haematites), gentler in that it preserves rather than corrodes the body, is so named because when ground by a whetstone it turns the color of blood (cf. a³µa, 'blood').
5. Hexecontalithos is a multicolored stone of a small size, whence it has taken this name for itself, for it is sprinkled with such a variety of spots that the colors of sixty gemstones are contained in its small orb (cf. s(?movta, "sixty"; 2(c)9oç, "stone").
Nome: 39_fatus_stones held_genitus_depositus
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disruptus) by a child born posthumously, who was neither expressly disinherited, nor named as an heir.
pes), and there is no ability to go forward, because as long as someone loves sin, he does not hope for future glory.
genitus), that is, just as they descended into the body governed by sin, in other words, worshipping idols and not yet reborn.
Nome: 40_tres_bundles_tripus_tripods tripus
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These troops are called maniples (manipulus) either because they would begin a battle in the first combat (manus), or because, before battlestandards existed, they would make 'handfuls' (manipulus) for themselves as standards, that is, bundles of straw or of some plant, and from this standard the soldiers were nicknamed 'manipulars.'
11. 'Enrolled fathers' (patres conscripti) were so called because when Romulus chose the ten curial districts of the senators he set down their names on golden tablets in the presence of the populace, and hence they were called enrolled fathers.
That office was established in the sixth year after the kings (i.e. of Rome) were driven out, for when the common people were oppressed by the senate and consuls they created for themselves tribunes to act as their own judges and defenders, to safeguard their liberty and defend them against the injustice of the nobility.
Nome: 41_lucan_civil war_lucan civil_civil
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Concerning it the poet says (Lucan, Civil War 9.714): How the Theban ophites is painted with small spots, and the ammodytes, of the same color as parched sand and indistinguishable from it.
Lucan recalls this, saying (Civil War 1.7): Standards (against standards), eagles matching eagles, and javelins threatening javelins.
Of these, Lucan (Civil War 1.7): Standards (against standards), eagles matching eagles, and javelins (pila) threatening javelins.
Nome: 42_repetition_orpheus_word beginning_ship ship
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. Anadiplosis (anadiplosis) occurs when a following verse begins with the same word that ended the previous verse, as in this (Vergil, Ecl. 8.55): Certent et cygnis ululae, sit Tityrus Orpheus, Orpheus in silvis, inter delphinas Arion (And let the screech-owls compete with the swans, let Tityrus be Orpheus, an Orpheus in the woods, an Arion among the dolphins).
Epanaphora is the repetition of a word at the beginning of each phrase in a single verse, as (Vergil, Aen. 7.759): Te nemus Anguitiae, vitrea te Focinus unda, te liquidi flevere lacus (For you the forest of Anguitia wept, for you Lake Fucinus with its glassy wave, for you the clear lakes).
But Vergil moderates this well, when he uses this figure not through the entire verse, like Ennius, but sometimes only at the beginning of a verse, as in this (Aen. 1.295): Saeva sedens super arma (Sitting over his savage weapons), and at other times at the end, as (Aen. 3.183): Sola mihi tales casus Cassandra canebat (Cassandra alone foretold to me such calamities).
Nome: 43_praise god_hymn_called darkness_sung hymn
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It is clear that David the prophet first composed and sang hymns (hymnus) in praise of God.
But it is a noun used with an epithet, and without this additional term it does not have a complete meaning; if you add 'the punishment of prison,' 'the punishment of exile,' 'the punishment of death,' you complete the meaning.
Actually, darkness is nothing, but the very absence of light is called darkness, just as silence is not some actual thing, but when there is no sound, it is called silence.
Nome: 44_fundere_fresa_ground fava_fons
Quantidade de documentos: 44
Ruth means "hastening," for she was an alien from a non-Israelite people, who hastened, her homeland abandoned, to cross into the land of Israel, saying to her mother-in-law (Ruth 1:16), "Whithersoever thou shalt go, I will go."
Hence those people are called melancholy (melancholicus) who flee human intercourse and are suspicious of dear friends.
A spring (fons) is a source of water springing forth, as if it were 'pouring out' (fundere) water.
Nome: 45_sapphires_blue_glittering_chrysoprase chrysoprasus
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. Cyanea (i.e. a type of lapus lazuli) is a gem from Scythia glittering with a blue sheen, either pure blue, or sometimes varied with flecks of flickering gold.
The opal (opalus) is embellished by the colors of various gemstones, for it has the rather pale fire of a carbuncle, the sparkling purple of an amethyst, and the glittering green of a smaragdus, all glowing together with a certain variegation.
1): O Flaccus Lucentus, my life, I seek for myself neither emeralds nor glittering beryl, nor white pearls, nor those little rings that the Thynian (Tunnicus) file has polished, nor jasper stones.
Nome: 46_languages nations_orders_individual names_nations nations
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Recent emperors have ordained that these legal signs be abolished from codes of law, because shrewd people were cleverly deceiving many ignorant people by means of these signs.
Indeed, many works are produced by heretics under the names of prophets, and more recently under the names of apostles, all of which have, as a result of diligent examination, been set apart by canonical authority under the name of apocrypha.
Now in later times the practice has arisen of using the term for thoroughly bad and wicked kings, kings who enact upon their people their lust for luxurious domination and the cruelest lordship.
Nome: 47_chreia_difference_maxim_distinction maxim
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Between irony and antiphrasis there is this difference: that irony expresses what one intends to be understood through the tone of voice alone, as when we say to someone doing everything poorly, "You're doing a good job," while antiphrasis signifies the contrary not through the tone of voice, but only through its words, whose source has the opposite meaning.
Because a straight and continuous oration makes for weariness and disgust as much for the speaker as for the hearer, it should be inflected and varied into other forms, so that it might refresh the speaker and become more elaborate, and deflect criticism with a diversity of presentation and hearing.
It has a characteristic shared with the foreign cithara, being in the shape of the letter delta; but there is this difference between the psaltery and the cithara, that the psaltery has the hollowed wooden box from which the sound resonates on its top side, so that the strings are struck from underneath and resonate from above, but the cithara has its wooden sound-box on the bottom.
Nome: 48_formulation_kinds_types formulation_formulation types
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Of the second formulation there are four types.
The types of hypothetical syllogisms, which are made with some conclusion, are seven.
There are many differences in iron according to the type of its earthy element.
Nome: 49_comes word_admonitio_vigil likewise_versutia means
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Likewise, censors are the arbiters of inherited estates, so called from the 'counting of money' (census aeris).
From this term also comes 'finished up' (persecutus), that is, 'thoroughly followed up' (perfecte secutus).
From this term also derive 'archives' (arcivum, i.e. archivum) and 'mystery' (arcanum), that is, a secret, from which other people are 'fended off' (arcere).
Nome: 50_lesser number_multiple_number compared_compared number
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A submultiple [sub]superparticular number is one that, when compared to a number greater than itself, is contained by that number a multiple of times along with one other part of itself; as for example, when 2 is compared to 5, 2 is contained by 5 two times, along with one part of 2.] A multiple superpartional (superpartionalis) number is one that, when compared to a number less than itself, contains the lesser number a multiple number of times along with some other parts of the lesser number.
A submultiple superpartional number is one which, when compared to a number greater than itself, is contained by that number a multiple number of times, together with some other parts of itself.
These are the diametric (diametrus), or quadratic (quadratus, i.e. tetragonal), or triangular (trigonus), or hexagonal (hexagonus), or asyndetic (asyndetus), or coincident (simul), or circumferent (circumferre), that is, they are either 'carry to a higher degree' (superferre) or 'are carried.'
Nome: 51_asserted_bishop_say christ_nestorius
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There are the Apellites (Apellita), of whom Apelles was the leader; he imagined that the creator was some sort of glorious angel of the supreme God, and claimed that this fiery being is the God of the Law of Israel, and said that Christ was not God in truth, but appeared as a human being in fantasy.
The Luciferians (Luciferianus) originated from Lucifer, bishop of Syrmia (i.e. Sardinia); they condemn the Catholic bishops who, under the persecution of Constantius, consented to the faithlessness of the Arians and later, after this, repented and chose to return to the Catholic Church.
The Luciferians, proudly accepting this maternal love, but not willing to accept those who had repented, withdrew fromthe communion of the Church and they deserved to fall, along with their founder, a Lucifer indeed, who would rise in the morning (i.e. as if he were Lucifer, the morning star and a name for the devil).
Nome: 52_ius_lawfully_loan_pignus
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Then from state of 'appeal to the law' (legalis) these types emerge, that is: 'written law and its intention' (scriptum et voluntas), contradictory laws (leges contrariae), ambiguity (ambiguitas), inference or logical reasoning (collectio sive ratiocinatio), and legal definition (definitio).
A pignus is that which is given in place of something borrowed, and when the loan is returned, the pignus is immediately given back, but an arra is that which is given first, in partial payment for property purchased with a contract of good faith, and afterward the payment is completed.
Momentum is so called from shortness of time, requiring that the loan be returned as soon as the transaction is secured, and that there should be no delay in the recovery of the debt; just as a moment (momentum) possesses no space - its point in time is so short that it has no duration of any kind.
Nome: 53_furvus_thief fur_dark furvus_grain far
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Theft (furtum) is the secret purloining of someone else's property, named from gloomy (furvus), that is dark (fuscus), because it takes place in the dark.
Deaf (surdus), from the filth (sordes) formed out of the humor in one's ear, and although deafness occurs on account of a number of reasons it still keeps the name of the foresaid defect.
The mole (furo) is named from 'dark' (furvus), whence also comes the word 'thief' (fur), for it digs dark and hidden tunnels and tosses out the prey that it finds.
Nome: 54_sequi_sequi ppl_following sequi_follows sequi
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Parasite (scurra), one who usually attends on someone for the sake of food; such a one is called scurra from his 'following after' (sequi, ppl.
The small sac that contains the fetus and is born with the infant is called the afterbirth (secundae), because at birth it follows (sequi, gerundive sequendus).
8. 'Puteolan dust' (pulvis Puteolanus, i.e. "pozzolana") is collected in the hills near Puteoli in Italy and is positioned so as to restrain the sea and break the waves.
Nome: 55_compared contains_plus parts_plus_compared
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For example, when 8 is compared to 3, 8 contains within itself 3 two times, plus two other parts of
Thus the circular number (i.e. the square of a number), which, since it has been multiplied by like numbers, begins from itself and turns back to itself, as for example 5 times 5 is 25, thus: (fig.).
You add together a low and a high number, you divide them, and you find the mean; take, for example, the low and high numbers 6 and 12: when you join them, they make 18; you divide this at its midpoint, and you make 9, which is an arithmetic proportion, in that the mean exceeds the low number by as many units as the mean is exceeded by the high number.
Nome: 56_century_sub_sew_suere stitch
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Reinforcements (subcenturiatus) are men not of the first, but of the second century, as if the word were 'below the first century' (sub prima centuria); nevertheless in battle they were formed up and placed inlookouts so that if the first century failed they, whom we have spoken of as the substitutes, would reinforce the first century in their efforts.
They are called birds (avis) because they do not have set paths (via), but travel by means of pathless (avia) ways. 'Winged ones' (ales, gen. alitis) because they strive 'with their wings for the heights' (alis alta), and ascend to lofty places with the oarage of their wings.
Shoemakers (sutor) are so named because they sew (suere), that is, they stitch together, with boar bristles (seta; and cf. sus, "pig") worked into their thread, as if the word were setor.
Nome: 57_driving agere_vector_oxs tail_oxs
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Steadfast (pervicax) properly means one who 'perseveres to victory' (ad victoriam perseverare) in what he sets out to do, for the ancients used the word vica for our victoria.
'Wagon-maker' (carpentarius) is a specialized term, for he only makes wagons (carpentum), just as a shipbuilder (navicularius) is a builder and constructer of ships (navis) only.
Hence the expression "a bit (offa, i.e. a sop) for barking dogs"; if it is tossed into a dog's mouth the dog is instantly satisfied, and is curbed and silenced.
Nome: 58_diastema_diaeresis_diesis_distinctio
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Dysentery (disinteria) is a 'separation of a continuity,' that is, an ulceration of the intestine, for dismeans "separation" and intera means "intestines."
The diaphragm (disseptum, i.e. dissaeptum) is an inner organ that separates the belly and the other intestines from the lungs and the heart.
105.A fern (filix) is so called from the singleness of its leaf (folium, cf. filum, "a single strand"), for from one stalk a cubit high grows one divided leaf, with an intricate structure like a feather's.
Nome: 59_ephemeris_ytptv tpoptm_6tppota second_6tppota
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The events of a single day are called an 'ephemeris' (ephemeris); we call this a 'diary' (diarium).
The 'second of the sabbath' is our second weekday (feria), which secular people call the day of the moon. '
What Greeks call 'epacts' (epacta) the Latins call 'annual lunar additions,' which run through a cycle from eleven to thirty days.
Nome: 60_corruption single_zeugma_barbarism corruption_synecdoche
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This discipline teaches how we should spell, for just as grammatical art treats of the inflection of parts of speech, so orthography treats of the skill of spelling.
1.A solecism (soloecismus) is an unsuitable construction made up of more than one word, just as a barbarism is the corruption of a single word.
The beginning and end of the book of Job in Hebrew is composed in prose, but the middle of it, from the place where he says (3:3), "Let the day perish wherein I was born" up to (42:6), "Therefore I reprehend myself, and do penance" all runs in heroic meter.
Nome: 61_obtains_deed_liability_rite
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We have ourselves commended this in the case of penitents. 'Setting aside the charge' (remotio) occurs when a defendant makes every effort to displace onto some other person a crime caused by himself and his own fault.
The argument by 'inference or logical reasoning' is used when, from what is written, another thing that is not written is deduced. 'Legal definition' obtains when one investigates the meaning it has in the specific point of dispute in which it is found.
1. 'Military law' (ius militare) is the formalized practice of waging war, the bond of making treaties, the marching against or engagement with the foe at a given signal.
Nome: 62_prometheus_memphis_devise_papyrus sheets
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It is said that the discipline of geometry was first discovered by the Egyptians, because, when the Nile River flooded and everyone's possessions were covered with mud, the onset of dividing the earth by means of lines and measures gave a name to the skill.
People say that Tarquinius Priscus first made these in Rome in order that, whenever there was a downpour of rain, water would pass through them out of the city so that the destructive force of water in very great and prolonged storms would not destroy the level places or foundations of the city.
The pagans praise a certain Minerva for many clever inventions, for they claim that she was the first to have demonstrated the practice of clothmaking - to have set up the loom and dyed wool.
Nome: 63_dragons_kills_magnet_submerge
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People say that this is a clever fish, for when it is enclosed in a wicker trap, it does not break through with its brow or thrust its head through the opposing twigs, but, turning around, with repeated blows of its tail it widens an opening and so goes out backwards.
With marvelous ingenuity they live on oyster flesh, for, because the oyster's strong shell cannot be opened, the crab spies out when the oyster opens the closed barricade of its shell, and then stealthily puts a pebble inside, and with the closing thus impeded, eats the oyster's flesh.
This does not become a gemstone unless it is cut out of living dragons; hence magicians remove it from sleeping dragons - for bold men search out the caves of dragons, and sprinkle drugged herbs there to put the dragons to sleep, and when the dragons have been lulled to sleep, they cut off their heads and extract the gemstones.
Nome: 64_dominion_property judged_immutably_theft
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Seventh, Adonai, which broadly means "Lord" (Dominus), because he has dominion (dominari) over every creature, or because every creature is subservient to his lordship (dominatus).
Powerful (potens), extending (patere) widely in one's property; hence also 'power' (potestas), because it extends for him in whatever direction he chooses, and no one closes him in, none can stand in his way. 'Very rich' (praeopimus), well-supplied with "goods (opes) beyond (prae) other people."
But strength is greater in a man, lesser in a woman, so that she will submit to the power of the man; evidently this is so lest, if women were to resist, lust should drive men to seek out something else or throw themselves upon the male sex.
Nome: 65_caput_head caput_columna_collum
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The patibulum is commonly called the fork (furca), as if it were 'supporting the head' (ferre caput), for hanging on a gibbet causes death by strangling; but the patibulum is a lesser punishment than the cross.
Capitals (capitolium, i.e. capitulum) are so called because they are the heads (caput, gen. capitis) of columns (columna), just as there is a head on a neck (collum).
Capitals (capitolium, i.e. capitulum or capitella) are named thus because they are the heads (caput, gen. capitis) of columns (columna), just like a head on a neck (collum).
Nome: 66_passed use_stella_instead stella_instituted behalf
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Now there are in the ordination of this world many hosts, such as angels, archangels, principalities, and powers, and all the orders of the celestial militia, of whom nevertheless he is Lord, for all are under him and are subject to his lordship.
Later this kind of metal was turned into a symbol of opprobrium, for long ago by iron the earth was plowed, but now by iron blood is shed.
Formerly, simple equestrian events were performed, and the common custom was not at all deserving of censure, but when this natural practice developed into public games it was converted into the worship of demons.
Nome: 67_people buried_ancients custom_corpses_cypress
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The custom of the Roman army was that youths should first bear arms on reaching puberty, for tyros would begin to serve in their sixteenth year, though still at this age under instructors.
People say that in the Hyperborean regions, when musicians are singing to citharas, swans come flocking in large numbers, and sing with them quite harmoniously.
The ancients used to pile cypress branches near their funeral pyres so that the pleasant quality of the cypress scent would mask the odor of the corpses when they were burned.
Nome: 68_canaanites_canaan_ham_tribes canaanites
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There were eleven sons of Canaan, from whom descended the ten tribes of Canaanites, whose land the Jews occupied when the Canaanites were expelled.
Canaanites were named after Canaan the son of Ham, and the Jews occupied their land.
Previously it was called Canaan (Chanaan), after a son of Cham (i.e. Ham), or else after the ten tribes of the Canaanites, whose territory the Judeans occupied after they had expelled them.
Nome: 69_nuntius_obadiah_announce_latin preacher
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4. Climax (climax) is an 'ascending series' (gradatio), when the second notion begins at the point where the first leaves off, and from here as if in steps (gradus) the order of speech is managed, as in the speech of Africanus: "From innocence arises esteem; from esteem, preferment; from preferment, sovereignty; from sovereignty, liberty."
Just as in Greek ?yy?2oç means "messenger" (nuntius) in Latin, so 'one who is sent' is called an 'apostle' in Greek (i.e. ?póoto2oç), for Christ sent them to spread the gospel through the whole world, so that certain ones would penetrate Persia and India teaching the nations and working great and incredible miracles in the name of Christ, in order that, from those corroborating signs and prodigies, people might believe inwhat the Apostles were saying and had seen.
1. 'Church' (ecclesia) is a Greek word that is translated into Latin as "convocation" (convocatio), because it calls (vocare) everyone to itself. 'Catholic' (catholicus) is translated as "universal" (universalis), after the term ma9' o2ov, that is, 'with respect to the whole,' for it is not restricted to some part of a territory, like a small association of heretics, but is spread widely throughout the entire world.
Nome: 70_coniunctio_covenants_communis_ingredients
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An example is anetinum, for this is unmixed, from oil and dill (anetum) alone. 'Composite' ointments, however, are those made from many ingredients mixed together, and these do not bear a scent associated with their name, because the scent they produce is indeterminate, as the other ingredients that are mixed in persist in their own scents.
For suppose a person has thought it profitable and pleasant to commit rapine, adultery, or theft, but when he recognizes that these things are liable to eternal damnation, as these things are acknowledged (cognoscere, ppl.
Concordant (concors) is so called from 'joining of the heart' (coniunctio cordis), for as one who shares one's lot (sors) is called a 'partner' (consors), so one who is joined in heart (cor) is called concors.
Nome: 71_amphitheater_crossroads_half_amphitheatrum called
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Crossroads (compitum) are places where gatherings of country people are customarily made, and they are called crossroads because many regions in the country meet (competere) there, and there country people assemble.
And an amphitheater (amphitheatrum) is so called because it is composed of two theaters (cf. ?µ??(c), "on both sides"), for an amphitheater is round, but a theater consists of half an amphitheater, having the shape of a semicircle.
The amphitheater (amphitheatrum) is so called because it is composed of two theaters, for an amphitheater is round, whereas a theater, having a semicircular shape, is half an amphitheater.
Nome: 72_accepts_blessed lord_son supporting_justified
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Mambres (i.e. Jambres), "the sea made of skins" or "the sea in the head."
Bartholomew, "son of the one supporting the waters" or "son of the one supporting me."
. Caiaphas, "the investigator" or "the shrewd one" or "he who vomits from the mouth" - for wickedly he condemned the righteous one with his mouth, although he had announced this by a prophetic mystery.
Nome: 73_scutum_called armed_scutella_salver
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A 'military enclosure' (cohors) is so called either because it 'presses together' (coartare) all that is within it, that is, it encloses, or because it restrains (coercere) those outside by creating an obstacle and prevents them from approaching.
The redimiculum is what we call an apron or a bracile, because it comes down from the nape and is divided on either side of the neck, passing under each armpit and tying around below from either side, in such a way that it pulls in the breadth of the garment as it clothes the body, drawing it together and arranging it by means of its fastening (cf.
A packsaddle (sagma), which is incorrectly called salma by common people, is so named from its covering of coarse blanket (sagum), whence a packhorse is called sagmarius, and a mule, sagmaria.
Nome: 74_diphthong_nolle_nolo_monas
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Os, if it means "face" or "bone" should be written withan O alone; if it refers to a person, an H shouldbe put first (i.e. hos, plural accusative of the demonstrative).
Ora ("shores"), associated with boundaries, should be written with an O; hora ("hour"), associated with days, with an H. Onus, if it means "burden," should be written with an O alone; if it means "honor," written with the aspiration of an H (i.e. honos).
Dialyton, or asyndeton (asyntheton), is a figure that is composed in the opposite way, simply and freely without conjunctions, as venimus, vidimus, placuit ("we came, we saw, it was good").
Nome: 75_greek called_enema_chrisma unction_unctio latin
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Greeks speak appropriately of a 'letter' (epistola) - and it is translated "missive" (missa) in Latin - for otó2a or otó2ot are 'things sent off ' (missa) or 'people sent off' (missi).
All those sacred rites that in Greek are called 'religious revels' (orgia) are called 'ceremonies' (caerimonia) in Latin.
Master (magister, also meaning "teacher"), "greater in station" (maior in statione), for steron in Greek means "station."
Nome: 76_yield productive_written music_able live_varies different
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They took their behavior from that same severity of climate - fiercely courageous and ever indomitable, living by raiding and hunting.
People's faces and coloring, the size of their bodies, and their various temperaments correspond to various climates.
In third place are the vines notable for their fecundity only, abundant in their yield and productive of a good quantity of wine.
Nome: 77_roman miles_miles_pounds_stades
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In length it stretches 780 stades (i.e. about ninety miles) to Zoara in Arabia and its width is 150 stades, up to the neighborhood of Sodom.
Its entire circumference is three thousand stades (i.e. 375 Roman miles).
Computing its measure times eight makes a Roman mile (miliarium), which consists of five thousand feet.
Nome: 78_gypsum_greek term_term yyo_gypsum gypsum
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Two of them together are a bilibris; four of them "make a cenix (i.e. yo±vt(, a dry measure), a Greek term" (Poem about Weights and Measures 69), five of them together make a quinar or a gomor.
Therefore they call the device built in a harbor to serve for lighting the way pharos, for ???ç means "light," ópoç means "vision."
Medallions (phalerae) are ornamental bosses worn by horses; the term is Greek (i.e. ???2apov, "cheekmedallion").
Nome: 79_acanthis_acanthis called_ammonitrum_ammonitrum hammonitrum
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People say that its urine hardens into a precious stone called lyncurius.
Some people call a smaragdus banded with white veins a galactitis.
This is also called ostrum (lit. the blood of a sea mollusc).
Nome: 80_borrowed latin_means earth_ypa_py
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A 'holograph testament' (holographum testamentum) is entirely written and signed by the hand of the author, whence it receives its name, for the Greeks say o2oç for "entire," and ypa???
The Gauls were also called the Senones, and in ancient times the Xenones, because they offered hospitality to Liber (cf. (svoç, "guest"); afterwards the letter x was changed to s.
The term is a composite from Persian and Greek, for gaza in Persian means "treasury," and ??U2?mtov in Greek means "custody."
Nome: 81_serpents_gaze_shepherds_nestlings
Quantidade de documentos: 31
Some are simple, like the dove, and others clever, like the partridge; some allow themselves to be handled, like the falcon, while others are fearful, like the garamas; some enjoy the company of humans, like the swallow, while others prefer a secluded life in deserted places, like the turtledove; some feed only on the seeds they find, like the goose, while others eat meat and are eager for prey, like the kite; some are indigenous and always stay in the same location, like [
It is said that the eagle does not even avert its gaze from the sun; it offers its hatchlings, suspended from its talons, to the rays of the sun, and the ones it sees holding their gaze unmoving it saves as worthy of the eagle family, but those who turn their gaze away, it throws out as inferior.
These animals, skilful at the task of creating honey, live in allocated dwellings; they construct their homes with indescribable skill; they make their honeycombs from various flowers; they build wax cells, and replenish their fortress with innumerable offspring; they have armies and kings; they wage battle; they flee smoke; they are annoyed by disturbance.
Nome: 82_pellis_pellis word_earlier times_funis
Quantidade de documentos: 31
It is also called pellis (i.e. another word for "skin"), because it repels (pellere) external injuries from the body by covering it, and it endures rain, wind, and the fierce heat of the sun.
1. Ropes (funis) are so named because in earlier times they were covered with wax to be used as torches, whence also 'rope torches' (funale).
5. 'Wax torches' (funale) are covered with wax, and are so called from the cords (funis) encased in wax that our ancestors employed before the use of papyrus.
Nome: 83_waterwheel_ruta_urere ppl_ppl
Quantidade de documentos: 31
The judgment of ambitus is made against someone who wins office by means of bribery and 'canvasses for support' (ambire, ppl.
Rue (ruta) is so called because it produces a sensation of intense heat (perhaps cf. urere, "burn," or ruere, ppl.
The austra (i.e. haustrum, "scoop of a waterwheel"), that is, the waterwheel, is so called from 'drawing' (haurire, ppl.
Nome: 84_alluvial_actors_10a_field
Quantidade de documentos: 31
37. 'Summer pastures' (aestiva) are shady places in which cattle avoid the heat of the sun in summer (aestas).
42. 'Alluvial land' (circumluvium) is a place which water 'flows around' (circumluere); a 'flood plain' (alluvium) is an eroding of riverbanks by water.
9.A field is called 'common pasture' (compascuus) when it is left out of the division of the fields in order to 'provide pasturage in common' (pascere communiter) among neighbors.
Nome: 85_cede_reus_commodatum_money aes
Quantidade de documentos: 30
And it is called 'inheritance' (hereditas) from 'property entered in on' (res adita), or from 'money' (aes, gen. aeris), because whoever possesses land also pays the tax; whence also property (res).
A 'manumitted man' (manumissus) is so called as if the term were manu emissus ("delivered by a hand"), for in ancient times whenever they would liberate (manumittere) someone they would turn him around after he was struck with a slap and confirm him to be free.
Accused (reus), so called from the lawsuit (res) in which he is liable, and offence (reatum) from reus. 'Impeached for state treason' (reus maiestatis) was at first the term for one who had carried out something against the republic, or anyone who had conspired with the enemy.
Nome: 86_son daughter_daughter_aunt_granddaughter
Quantidade de documentos: 30
The great-grandfather of my paternal uncle is my great-great-great-uncle (adpatruus), and I am the son or daughter of his grandson or granddaughter.
The grandmother (avia) of my paternal aunt is my great-greatpaternal aunt (proamita) and I am the son or daughter of her grandson or granddaughter.
The great-grandmother (proavia) of my paternal aunt is my great-great-great paternal aunt (abamita) and I am the son or daughter of her grandson or granddaughter.
Nome: 87_leah_said genesis_leah said_genesis
Quantidade de documentos: 30
Jezebel, "flux of blood," or "she who streams with blood"; but better, "where is the dung-heap" - for when she was hurled down headlong, dogs devoured her flesh, as Elijah had predicted (IV Kings 9:37 Vulgate): he said, "And the flesh of Jezebel shall be as dung upon the face of the earth."
Dan means "judgment," for when Bilhah gave birth to him, her mistress Rachel said (Genesis 30:6), "The Lord hath judged for me, and hearing my voice he hath given me a son."
Gad was named from "outcome" or "disposition," for when Zilpah had given birth to him, her mistress Leah said (Genesis 30:11), "Happily," that is, meaning with regard to his disposition or to his outcome.
Nome: 88_just thing_decent_thing decent_universal
Quantidade de documentos: 29
The fourth type is that which draws together a particular negation from a particular affirmation and a universal negation directly, as: "A particular just thing is decent; no decent thing is wicked; therefore that particular just thing is not wicked."
The ninth type is that which draws together a particular negation from a universal negation and a particular affirmation indirectly, as: "No wicked thing is decent; a particular decent thing is just; therefore that particular just thing is not wicked."
The fifth type is that which draws together a particular negation from a particular affirmation and a universal negation directly, as: "A particular just thing is decent; no just thing is bad; therefore a particular decent thing is not bad."
Nome: 89_logical_imaginary_true meaning_logical syllogisms
Quantidade de documentos: 29
But these expressions, and others that also use tropes, are veiled in figural garb with respect to what should be understood, so that they may exercise the reader's understanding, and lest the subjects grow common from being stripped bare and obvious.
Next is the epichireme, deriving from inference as broader and more developed than rhetorical syllogisms, distinct in breadth and in length of utterance from logical syllogisms, for which reason it is given to the rhetoricians.
Hence in every discourse about substance we ought to include species and differentiae until, when all things that could be the same thing are excluded, we may attain the object, so that its individual nature (proprietas) may now be held fixed.
Nome: 90_fig_figure follows_half fig_section fig
Quantidade de documentos: 29
Spheres (sphaera) have an equal roundness on all sides: (fig.).
Exposition of figures illustrated below (Expositio figurarum infra scriptarum)
thus: (a figure follows)] and that by gradually turning itself it makes different shapes.
Nome: 91_avus_aevum_old woman_woman anus
Quantidade de documentos: 29
For example, funiculus ("small rope," with an obviously masculine ending) shows that funis ("rope") is masculine, just as marmusculum ("small block of marble," with an obviously neuter ending) shows that marmor ("marble") is of neuter gender.
She who is nowadays called a woman (femina) in ancient times was called vira; just as 'female slave' (serva) was derived from 'male slave' (servus) and 'female servant' (famula) from 'male servant' (famulus), so also woman (vira) from man (vir).
The term 'old man' (senex), however, is only masculine in gender, just as 'old woman' (anus) is feminine, for anus is exclusively said of a woman. '
Nome: 92_governing_gen regis_regis_rex gen
Quantidade de documentos: 29
So, for instance, bonum factum ("good deed") would be written as BF, senatus consultum ("senate decree") as SC, respublica ("republic") as RP, populus Romanus ("Roman people") as PR, dumtaxat ("at least") as DT, mulier ("woman") by the upside-down letter M, pupillus ("male orphan") by a regular P, pupilla ("female orphan") by a with the top reversed, caput ("head") by a single K, calumniae causa ("case of false accusation") by two joined KK, iudex esto ("let the judge be present") by IE, dolum malum ("grievous fraud") by DM.
Etymologies of words are furnished either from their rationale (causa), as 'kings' (rex, gen. regis) from ['ruling' (regendum) and] 'acting correctly' (recte agendum); or from their origin, as 'man' (homo) because he is from 'earth' (humus), or from the contrary, as 'mud' (lutum) from 'washing' (lavare, ppl.
Copious (laetus, lit. "happy"), from amplitude (latitudo). 'Rich in lands' (locuples), as if the term were 'full of estate property' (locis plenus) and the owner of many properties, as Cicero teaches in the Second Book of his Republic (16): "And with a great production of sheep and cattle, because then their business was in livestock and the possession of places (locus), for which reason they were called wealthy (pecuniosus) and 'rich in lands' (locuples)."
Nome: 93_labrum_linum_lynx_linostemus
Quantidade de documentos: 28
The loins (lumbus) derive their name from wantonness of desire (libido), because in males the cause of bodily pleasure is located there, just as in women it is in the navel.
The lynx (lyncis, i.e. lynx) is so called because it is reckoned among the wolves (lupus) in kind; it is a beast that has spotted markings on its back, like a pard, but it is similar to a wolf; whence the wolf has the name 2ámoç and the other animal, 'lynx.'
Linostemus is woven of wool and linen and is called linostemus because it has linen (linum) in the warp (stamen) and wool in the weft.
Nome: 94_rationale names_specific reasons_names certain_reasons
Quantidade de documentos: 28
The etymologies of the names of certain prophets should be remarked, for their names well display what they foretold about future things by their deeds and words.
By empty stories the pagans attempt to connect some of the names of their gods to physical causes, and they interpret these names as involved in the origins of the elements.
The names of certain plants echo their own originating principles and contain the explanation of their naming.
Nome: 95_nativities_stars_measured_observations
Quantidade de documentos: 28
It is natural as long as it investigates the courses of the sun and the moon, or the specific positions of the stars according to the seasons; but it is a superstitious belief that the astrologers (mathematicus) follow when they practice augury by the stars, or when they associate the twelve signs of the zodiac with specific parts of the soul or body, or when they attempt to predict the nativities and characters of people by the motion of the stars.
But some people, enticed by the beauty and clarity of the constellations, have rushed headlong into error with respect to the stars, their minds blinded, so that they attempt to be able to foretell the results of things by means of harmful computations, which is called 'astrology' (mathesis).
Genethliaci are so called on account of their examinations of nativities, for they describe the nativities (genesis) of people according to the twelve signs of the heavens, and attempt to predict the characters, actions, and circumstances of people by the course of the stars at their birth, that is, who was born under what star, or what outcome of life the person who is born would have.
Nome: 96_april_fourteenth_easter_easter day
Quantidade de documentos: 27
The first cycle of nineteen: Of the moon B. C. ii Ides April xx C. vi Kalends April xvi E. xvi Kalends May xvii C. vi Ides April xx B. C. x Kalends April xv E. ii Ides April xvi C. ii Nones April xix E. viii Kalends May xx B. C. v Ides April xv When this cycle is complete one returns to the beginning.
The holy Fathers prohibited this celebration at the Nicene synod, legislating that one should seek out not only the paschal moon and month, but also should observe the day of the Lord's resurrection; and because of this they extended the paschal season from the fourteenth day of the moon to the twenty-first day, so that Sunday would not be passed over.
It is called the bissextus because twice six (bis sexies) reckoned up makes a whole unit (i.e. of the twelve ounces in a Roman pound), which is one day - just as a quarter-unit (quadrans) is reckoned up by four times (quater) - because a bissextus is how far the sun goes beyond the course of the days in the year, [or because it is not able to be intercalated in its own year unless you compute 'twice the sixth' (bis sextus) day before the nones of March, that is, both with the first day as the sixth day before the nones of March and, with the bissextus added, with the second day repeated as the sixth day before the nones of March].
Nome: 97_soil grows_land grows_stony soil_grows
Quantidade de documentos: 26
This tree grows in desolate places in stony soil.
It grows in friable, stony soil, or near oaks.
The plant genicularis is spread on the ground to repel scorpions.
Nome: 98_galatians ancient_ancient galli_farthest_veteran
Quantidade de documentos: 26
These people engaged for a long time in battle against the Messenians and, fearing that they would lose any hope of offspring because of the prolongation of the conflict, they commanded that their virgins should lie with the young men remaining at home.
5. Lake Tiberius is named from the town Tiberias, which Herod at one time founded in honor of Tiberius Caesar, and it is more salubrious than all the other lakes in Judea, and more efficacious somehow at healing bodies.
Caesar Augustus built Emerita (i.e. Merida) after he had seized the region of Lusitania and certain islands of the Ocean, giving it that name because there he stationed veteran soldiers - for veteran and retired soldiers are called emeriti.
Nome: 99_pluvia_breeze_amnis_fluvia
Quantidade de documentos: 26
The breeze (aura) is named from air (aer), as if the word were aeria, because it is a gentle motion of air; for air that is stirred up makes a breeze, whence Lucretius says (On the Nature of Things 5.503): Airy breezes (Aerias auras) . .
Dust (pulvis) is so named because it is driven (pellere) by the force (vis) of the wind, for it is carried on the breath of the wind, neither resisting nor able to stay put, as the Prophet says (Psalm 1:4): "Like the dust, which the wind driveth from the face of the earth."
5. 'Sumptuous meals' (epulae) are so called from the opulence (opulentia) of things. 'Ordinary meals' (epulae simplices) are divided into two necessary elements, bread and wine, and two categories beyond these, namely, what people seek out for eating from the land and from the sea.
Nome: 100_begot_130th year_130th_year
Quantidade de documentos: 25
From Adam to this cataclysm there are 2252 years.] The second age 2244 Two years after the Flood, [when he was 100 years old,] Shem begot Arphachshad, from whom sprang the Chaldeans.
2379 In his 135th year Arphachshad begot Shelah, from whom sprang the Samaritans and the Indians.
3284 In his 100th year Abraham begot Isaac and 3344 Ishmael, from whom sprang the Ishmaelites.
Nome: 101_agnomen_minestrare_mensis_neomenia
Quantidade de documentos: 25
191. 'Triflers' (nugas, i.e. nugae) is a Hebrew term, for so it is used in the prophets, where Zephaniah says (3:18): "The triflers (nugae; accusative nugas) that were departed from the law (I will gather together)" - so that we have reason to know that the Hebrew language is the mother of all languages.
To remove the ill will attendant on this deed he is said to have used the rest of the money to establish the first 'stranger's hospice' (xenodochium), which would support the arrival of poor people or pilgrims, whence it took the name - for it is named from the Greek (?vo6oy?±ov, in Latin, 'support of pilgrims.'
The anchor (anchora) is an iron spike taking its name viaa Greek etymology, because it grasps the rocks orsand like a person's hand, for the Greeks call the hand mUpa (i.e. y?(c)p, with an aspirated k sound), but 'anchor' has no aspiration among Greek speakers, for it is pronounced ?ymUpa.
Nome: 102_gignere ppl_gignere_gens_begetting gignere
Quantidade de documentos: 25
And the significance of internecivus is that is refers to the destruction (enectio), as it were, of an individual - for they used to put the prefix interin place of e-: Naevius (fr. 55): "mare interbibere" ("to drain the sea") and Plautus (fr. 188): "interluere mare" ("to wash away the sea"); that is, ebibere and eluere.
genitus) and procreating (progenerare), or from the delimiting of particular descendants (prognatus), as are nations (natio) that, delimited by their own kinships, are called 'stocks of people' (gens).
The ancients would call it a harbor 'for shipping' (baia), from conveying (baiolare) merchandise, with the same declension - baia, gen. baias - as the declension familia, gen. familias ("household").
Nome: 103_faster_arithmetic_acquainted_accented
Quantidade de documentos: 25
4. Finally, he will be acquainted with astronomy, through which he may observe the logic of the stars and the change of seasons.
Also in Arabia there are snakes with wings, called sirens (sirena); they move faster than horses, but they are also said to fly.
German pirates use boats of this type on the shores of the Ocean and in marshes, because of their maneuverability.
Nome: 104_argument_cf argument_aen argument_argument cognates
Quantidade de documentos: 25
The first is the argument 'by cognates' (a coniugatis), as one adapts a noun and makes a verb, as Cicero says Verres 'swept' (everrere)a province (Second Action Against Verres 2.52).
The argument is 'by cognates' (a coniugatis) when it is shown that what would result from a certain situation is against probability, as Vergil (cf.
Frivolum occurs when two people separate in such a state of mind that they once again return to each other, for 'frivolous' (frivolus) is being marked by a wavering and fickle mind, not a stable one.
Nome: 105_palea_palma_palm_palm palma
Quantidade de documentos: 24
The hand with outstretched fingers is called palm (palma); when they are clenched, it is called fist (pugnus). 'Fist' is derived from 'handful' (pugillus), just as 'palm' is derived from the extended branches of the palm tree (palma).
Swamps (palus) are named for the pastoral goddess Pales because they furnish straw (palea), that is, fodder, for beasts of burden.
A cart (plaustrum) is a two-wheeled vehicle that carries burdens, and is called plaustrum because it rolls, as if one said pilastrum (cf. pila, "ball.").
Nome: 106_alpha_amittai_petrus_letter alpha
Quantidade de documentos: 24
First Matthew wrote his Gospel in Hebrew characters and words in Judea, taking as his starting point for spreading the gospel (evangelizare) the human birth of Christ, saying (1:1): "The book of the generation of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham" - meaning that Christ descended bodily from the seed of the patriarchs, as was foretold in the prophets through the Holy Spirit.
There were also other translators who translated the sacred writings from Hebrew into Greek, such as Aquila, Symmachus, and Theodotion, and also that common (vulgaris) translation (i.e. the early Latin translation called Itala or Vetus Latina), whose authorship is not evident - for this reason the work is designated the Fifth Edition (Quinta Editio) without the name of the translator.
And he is also, as the Jews affirm, Amittai, the son of the widow of Zarephath whom Elijah resuscitated, as his mother afterwards said to him (III Kings 17:24 Vulgate), "Now I know that thou art a man of God, and the word of God in thy mouth is of truth."
Nome: 107_rhodanus_opium_rhine_acroazymus white
Quantidade de documentos: 24
He is called Esau, that is, "red," so named for his stewing specifically of the red lentil, for the eating of which he lost his birthright.
The island of Naxos is named after Dionysius (i.e. Dionysus, the god of wine), as if it were Dionaxos, because it surpasses all others in the fertility of its vines.
Acrozymus is slightly leavened bread, as if it were acroazymus. 'White wheat' (siligineus) bread is named for its type of grain, for siligo is a kind of wheat.
Nome: 108_vicus_urbs_civitas_towns
Quantidade de documentos: 24
Pestilence is also called plague (lues), so called from destruction (labes) and distress (luctus), and it is so violent that there is no time to anticipate life or death, but weakness comes suddenly together with death.
i.56 above). 'Door panels' (foris) or leaves (valva) are also elements of a door, but the former are so called because they swing out (foras), the latter swing (revolvere) inward, and they can be folded double - but usage has generally corrupted those terms.
And a school of gladiators (gladiator) is so called because in it youths learn the use of arms with various moves, at one time competing among themselves with swords (gladius) or fists, at another going out against wild animals.
Nome: 109_comments_called joined_psaltery_sizes
Quantidade de documentos: 24
3. Annals (annales) are the actions of individual years (annus), for whatever domestic or military matters, on sea or land, worthy of memory are treated year by year in records they called 'annals' from yearly (anniversarius) deeds.
The psaltery (psalterium), which is commonly called canticum (lit. "song"), takes its name from 'singing to the psaltery' (psallere), because the chorus responds in harmony with the voice of the psaltery.
3. 'Outrageous deed' (flagitium) is so called from 'urgently summoning' (flagitare) the corrupting power of lust, by which one harms oneself.
Nome: 110_dried sun_mines_dried_wells
Quantidade de documentos: 23
It is made now in many regions: at one time, in Spain, it was made in wells or pools having that kind of water, which they boiled down and poured into wooden vats, hanging over them cords kept taut with stones.
The Bactrian smaragdus holds second place; they are gathered in seams of rock when the north wind blows, for at that time they glitter in the ground, which is uncovered because the sands are shifted a great deal by these winds.
It is particularly found in mines or in silver-working furnaces, clinging to the roof in condensed drops, and often even in the oldest excrement of sewers or the slime of wells.
Nome: 111_extra_exile_land extra_alienigena
Quantidade de documentos: 23
Jeduthun, "he who leaps across those" or "he who jumps those," for this person called 'the leaper across' leapt by his singing across certain people who were cleaving to the ground, bent down to the earth, thinking about things that are at the lowest depths, and putting their hope in transient things.
Exile (exul), because one is 'outside his native soil' (extra solumsuum), as if sent beyond his soil, or wandering outside his soil, for those who go outside their soil are said to 'be in exile' (exulare).
Banished (extorris), because one is 'outside his own land' (extra terram suam), as if the term were exterris - but properly speaking one is banished when driven out by force and ejected from his native soil with terror (terror).
Nome: 112_named red_luteus_rose rosa_rosa
Quantidade de documentos: 23
There is also a woodland mulberry (mora), bearing fruit that relieves the hunger and need of shepherds in the wilderness.
The rose (rosa) is so called from the appearance of its flower, which blushes (rubere) with a red (rutilans) color.
Madder (rubia) is so called because its root is red (rubra), whence it is said to dye wool.
Nome: 113_taxes_public publicus_public taxes_publicanus
Quantidade de documentos: 23
It is 'public force' (vis publica) if someone has executed before the populace a citizen making an appeal to a judge or a king, or tortured him or whipped him or fettered him.
32. 'Publican' (publicanus) is the title for the farmers of the taxes of the public treasury, or of public (publicus) affairs, or for those who exact the public taxes, or for those who chase profits through the business of the world - hence their name.
3. 'Holdings' (possessio) are vast public and private fields that originally someone occupied and owned (possidere) not by property transfer but insofar as he 'had power' (posse)- whence also they are named.
Nome: 114_according form_endured_allowed_thought combine
Quantidade de documentos: 23
In this way and in other ways like these a likeness from human minds is applied to God, for instance that he is forgetful or mindful.
Just as impious pride in humans or demons commands or wishes for this service to be offered to itself, so pious humility in humans or holy angels declines it if it is offered, and indicates to whom it is due.
We have spoken somewhat about reigns and military terms, and now we add a summary of terms for citizens.
Nome: 115_foot pes_pes clew_clew_pes
Quantidade de documentos: 23
A phrase (comma) is a small component of thought, a clause (colon) is a member, and a sentence (periodos) is a 'rounding-off or compass' (ambitus vel circuitus; cf. p?p(c)o6oç, "going round").
The siparum (i.e. a topsail) is a type of sail having a single 'foot' (pes, i.e. 'clew').
The propes is a rope with which the foot (pes, i.e. clew) of a sail is fastened, as if it were 'for the feet' (pro pedes).
Nome: 116_placed retains_retains coldness_coldness_smeared
Quantidade de documentos: 23
It is found underground and is cut once it is dug out, and split into as fine a sheet as you like.
It is also made from cinnabar placed on an iron crucible covered with an earthenware lid.
Bronze rapidlydevelops a patina unless it is smeared with oil.
Nome: 117_thyme_thyme thymum_thymum_flower
Quantidade de documentos: 23
The thymallus takes its name from a flower - indeed the flower is called 'thyme' (thymus) - for although it is pleasing in appearance and agreeable in flavor, still, just like a flower, it smells and exhales aromas from its body.
Epithymum (i.e. a parasitic plant growing on thyme) is a Greek name, which in Latin is called 'flower of the thyme' (flos thymi), for the thyme flower in Greek is 9áµov (and cf. sp(c), "upon").
Citocacia (perhaps the dwarf olive) is so called because it quickly (cito) purges the belly (cf. cacare, "defecate"); commonly and incorrectly it is called citococia.
Nome: 118_arctos_breastplate_patrician_arctic
Quantidade de documentos: 22
Hence the first sign - through which, as also through Libra, people draw the middle line of the cosmos - they have named Aries (i.e. the Ram) on account of Ammon Jupiter, because those who made the idols fashioned the horns of a ram on his head.
. Whales (ballena) are beasts of enormous size, named from casting forth and spraying water, for they throw waves higher than the other sea animals; in Greek ß?22?tv means "cast forth."
Others, as mentioned above, named money after livestock, just as beasts of burden (iumentum) are named after 'helping' (iuvare), for among the ancients every inheritance was called peculium from the livestock (pecus) of which their entire property consisted.
Nome: 119_precious stones_precious_argyre_crystal
Quantidade de documentos: 22
Indeed they call nymphs of the mountains oreads (oreas), those of the forest dryads (dryas), those of the springs hamadryads (hamadryas), those of the fields naiads (naias), and those of the seas nereids (nereis).
It produces human beings of color, huge elephants, the animal called monoceros (i.e. the unicorn), the bird called parrot, a wood called ebony, and cinnamon, pepper, and sweet calamus.
The royal palace of Cyrus is there, distinguished by its white and variegated stone, with golden columns and paneled ceilings and jewels, even containing a replica of the sky embellished with twinkling stars, and other things beyond human belief.
Nome: 120_return migration_season return_migration_tombs
Quantidade de documentos: 22
The 'horned owl' (bubo) hasa name composed of the sound of its call; it is a wild bird, loaded with feathers, but always constrained by heavy sluggishness; it is active among tombs day and night, and always lingers in caves.
The hawk seizes this bird when it sees it approaching land; for this reason all quails are careful to secure a leader of a different species - through this carefulness they safeguard those first crucial moments.
These birds have a proper season for their return migration, at which time they are taken up on the shoulders of kites because of their brief and small spans of flight, lest their strength fail, fatigued by the long expanse of sky.
Nome: 121_compared hand_girded heads_heads dogs_modulations
Quantidade de documentos: 22
The second division is organicus, and it is produced by those instruments that, when they are filled with the breath that is blown into them, are animated with the sound of a voice, like trumpets, reed pipes, pipes, organs, pandoria, and instruments similar to these.
People tell of Scylla as a woman girded with the heads of dogs, with a great barking, because of the straits of the sea of Sicily, in which sailors, terrified by the whirlpools of waves rushing against each other, suppose that the waves are barking, waves that the chasm with its seething and sucking brings into collision.
Accordingly they have attributed to it the monstrous appearance of the story, as if it had the shape of a human girded with the heads of dogs, because the current rushing together there seems to produce the sound of barking.
Nome: 122_actualis type_age disease_age brings_ancients inhered
Quantidade de documentos: 22
Among rhetoricians the main kinds of syllogisms are two: induction (inductio) and inference (ratiocinatio).
The wealth of the ancients inhered in two things: good pasturing and good tilling.
In vessels three pleasing qualities are sought: the workmanship of the maker, the weight of the silver, and the sheen of the metal.
Nome: 123_temple jerusalem_heresy acephalites_acephalites_jerusalem
Quantidade de documentos: 22
Greece begins to cultivate crops. 3688
The heresy of the Acephalites is rejected.
For he will attempt to rebuild the temple at Jerusalem and restore all the rites of the old Law.
Nome: 124_sign month_titans_days named_dog days
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They named Cancer likewise, because when the sun reaches this sign in the month of June, it moves backward in the manner of a crab (cancer) and makes the days shorter.
They located the sign Virgo among the constellations because on the days when the sun runs through it the earth is parched by the heat of the sun and bears nothing, for this is the season of the dog days.
Others believe that through a Greek etymology femina is derived from 'fiery force,' because she desires more vehemently, for females are said to be more libidinous than males, both in human beings and in animals.
Nome: 125_lyric poet_simonides_lyric_sibyl
Quantidade de documentos: 21
The fourth was the Cimmerian, in Italy; the fifth, the Erythraean, Herophila by name, who came from Babylon - she foretold to the Greeks attacking Troy that it would perish and that Homer would write lies.
The seventh is the Cumanan Sibyl, Amalthea by name, who delivered to the Tarquin Priscus the nine books in which the Roman decrees were drawn up.
Among the Greeks, Hesiod of Boeotia was the first to make skill in writing on rural matters a part of a liberal education; then Democritus.
Nome: 126_wartrumpet_signal_favors_injuries favors
Quantidade de documentos: 21
Military standards (signum) are so called because an army receives from them its signal for retreat both in the course of fighting and in the case of victory, for an army is ordered either by the sound of a trumpet or by a signal flag.
A war-trumpet (bucina) is the means by which a signal is given to go against an enemy, so called from its 'sound' (vox, gen. vocis), as if it were vocina - for villagers and country people on every occasion used to be called together to their meeting place by a war-trumpet; properly therefore this signal was for country people.
3. Hence afterwards in battles it was used for announcing military signals so that, where a herald could not be heard amid the tumult, the sound of a blaring trumpet (tuba) would reach.
Nome: 127_tricky_alexandria tricky_entrances_rocks alexandria
Quantidade de documentos: 21
Moreover, the name of hypocrita derives from the appearance of those who go in theatrical spectacles with countenance concealed, marking their face with blue and red and other pigments, holding masks of linen and plaster of Paris decorated with various colors, sometimes also smearing their necks and hands with white clay, in order to arrive at the coloring of the character they portray and to deceive the public while they act in plays.
Its function was to show a light for ships sailing at night, in order to make known the channels and the entrance to the port, so that sailors would not be deceived in the darkness and run onto the rocks - for Alexandria has tricky access with deceptive shallows.
Its purpose is to shine a light for the nighttime sailing of ships in order to mark the shallows and the entrances to the harbor, so that sailors might not, misled by darkness, hit the rocks, for Alexandria has tricky entrances with deceptive shoals.
Nome: 128_radix_rudus_root radix_henna
Quantidade de documentos: 21
There are still others that are named from the aromatic quality of their material, such as 'oil of roses' (rosaceum) from 'rose' (rosa) and 'henna ointment' (quiprinum, i.e. cyprinum) from 'henna' (quiprum, i.e. cyprum) - hence these also carry the scent of their own material.
The root (radix) is so called because fixed in the ground in the manner of 'radiating spokes' (radius), as it were, it goes down deep, for natural philosophers say that the depth of the roots is equal to the height of the trees.
Mullein (phlomos), which Latin speakers call verbascum, has a masculine species, with whiter and narrower leaves, and a feminine, with broader and dark leaves (see section 73 above).
Nome: 129_romulus_city built_romans_city rome
Quantidade de documentos: 21
Then, when the population was no longer able to bear the factious magistrates, they brought the Decemvirs (lit. the "ten men") into being to write laws; these men set forth in the Twelve Tables the laws whichhad been translated fromthe books of Solon into the Latin language.
For this reason, when at a later time some of them were manumitted by their masters, they did not attain the standing of Roman citizens, on account of the marks of punishment that they had manifestly experienced.
Romulus - when he had restored his grandfather Numitor to his reign after Amulius had been killed at Alba - came down to the place where Rome now is and established a settlement there, built walls, and called the city Rome after his own name.
Nome: 130_verba_schema_barbarism_letter occurring
Quantidade de documentos: 21
Inthe case of rhetoricians verba ("words") is used of their speech as a whole, as in verbis bonis nos cepit ("he captivated us with good words"), verba bona habuit ("he had good words"), where what is meant is not only the verba that fall into three tenses (i.e. the verbs), but the entire speech.
A barbarism (barbarismus) is a word pronounced with a corrupted letter or sound: a corrupted letter, as in floriet (i.e. the incorrect future form of florere, "bloom"), when one ought to say florebit ("will bloom"); a corrupted sound, if the first syllable is lengthened and the middle syllable omitted in words like latebrae ("hiding places"), tenebrae ("shadows").
In its entirety, moreover, the word is osianna, which we pronounce as osanna, with the middle vowel degraded and elided just as happens in poetic lines when we scan them, for the initial vowel of a following word excludes the final vowel of the preceding word.
Nome: 131_clodius_milo killed_malachim_milo
Quantidade de documentos: 21
Although this book contains the story of Saul and David, both are still connected to Samuel, because he anointed Saul into his kingship, and he anointed David as the future king.
Likewise the book of Malachim is so called because it recounts in chronological order the kings of Judah and the nation of Israel along with their deeds, for Malachim is a Hebrew word that means 'Kings' (Reges) in Latin.
Luke the Evangelist is the writer of the Acts of the Apostles; in this work the infancy of the young Church is woven, and the history of the apostles is contained - whence it is called the Acts of the Apostles.
Nome: 132_virtue_abulrush_apostle turns_abulrush reported
Quantidade de documentos: 21
They worship the serpent, saying that it introduced the knowledge of virtue into paradise.
It is a great sin to believe that God would entrust his counsels to crows.
They also say that very ferocious bulls, tethered to a fig tree, suddenly become tame.
Nome: 133_windpipe arteria_windpipe_vena_arteria
Quantidade de documentos: 21
Hoarseness (raucedo) is a loss of voice; it is also called arteriasis because it makes the voice hoarse and tight from damage to the windpipe (arteria).
The windpipe (arteria) is so called either because by its means air (aer), that is, breath, is conducted from the lungs, or else because it retains the vital breath in tight (artus) and narrow passageways, whence it emits the sounds of the voice.
Venom (venenum) is so named because it rushes through the veins (vena), for its destructive effect, once infused, travels through the veins when bodily activity increases, and it drives out the soul.
Nome: 134_et cetera_bigener_cetera_horses equus
Quantidade de documentos: 21
Among the animals those born of differing species are called hybrids (bigener), such as the mule from a mare and an ass, the hinny (burdo) froma stallion and a jenny, the hybrida from wild boars and domestic sows, the tityrus from a ewe and a he-goat, and the musmo from a she-goat and a ram.
Pliny (Natural History 32.142) says there are 144 names for all the animals living in the waters, divided into these kinds: whales, snakes common to land and water, crabs, shellfish, lobsters, mussels, octopuses, sole, Spanish mackerel (lacertus), squid, and the like.
Many bird names are evidently constructed from the sound of their calls, such as the crane (grus), the crow (corvus), the swan (cygnus), the peacock (pavo), the kite (milvus), the screech owl (ulula), the cuckoo (cuculus), the jackdaw (graculus), et cetera.
Nome: 135_seize_avium_forvus_auspicium
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They are called 'auspicious signs' (auspicium) as if it were 'observations of birds' (avium aspicium), and 'auguries' (augurium), as if it were 'bird calls' (avium garria), that is, the sounds and languages of birds.
A diviner (auspex), because he examines the auspices (auspicium; cf. specere, "look at") of birds, in the same way that a fowler (auceps) is so called because he 'catches birds' (aves capere).
Tongs (forceps, plural forcipes), as if the word were ferricipes, because they seize (capere) and hold the whitehot iron (ferrum), or because we seize and hold something forvus with them, as if the word were forvicapes, for forvus means "hot" - whence also the word 'fiery' (fervidus).
Nome: 136_opening mouth_looked_feminine gender_abnormal
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Clearly this is a wonderful kind of achievement, that it has been possible to gather into one whatever the mobility and variety of the human mind could discover as it looked for understanding in diverse subjects, encompassing the free and willful intellect.
In the human body lepra is recognized in this way: either when its various colors appear in different places among the healthy parts of the skin, or when it spreads all over, so that it makes the whole skin one color, although it is abnormal.
Properly speaking, however, hiatus is the opening of the mouth of a human being, with the sense transferred from wild beasts, whose eagerness for something is shown through opening of the mouth.
Nome: 137_teacher_night nox_nox_gen noctis
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Quasi-verbal (verbis similis) nouns, so called from their similarity to the verb, as contemplator - for this word is botha verb in the imperative mood, future tense, and a noun, because it takes the comparative degree.
Nyctalopia (nyctalmos) is a disease that denies sight to one's open eyes during the day and returns it when darkness comes at night - or, as many people would have it, gives sight by day and denies it by night (nox, gen. noctis).
The 'dead of night' (intempestum) is the middle and inactive time (tempus) of night, when nothing can be done and all things are at rest in sleep, for time is not perceived on its own account, but by way of human activities, and the middle of the night lacks activity.
Nome: 138_sine_term sine_sine dolo_sepultus
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And it is called ignominy (ignominium) as if it were the term for being sine nomine ("without reputation"), just as ignorant (ignarus) is without knowledge, and ignoble (ignobilis) is without nobilitas ("nobility").
Desperate (desperatus) is the common term for "bad" and "lost" and "without any hope (spes) of success"; it is likewise said of sick people who are weakened and given up as hopeless (sine spe).
Sluggish (segnis), that is, 'without fire' (sine igni), lacking native wit - for semeans "without" (sine), as sedulus, sine dolo (see 244 above).
Nome: 139_time measure_trochaic_breadth height_dactylic
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Meter is built from feet, such as trochaic meter from the trochee, dactylic from the dactyl, iambic from the iamb; we will speak a little later concerning this.
Meters named after feet are, for example, dactylic, iambic, trochaic, for trochaic meter is constructed from the trochee, dactylic from the dactyl, and others similarly from their feet.
. 'Quantity' is the measure by which something is shown to be large or small, as 'long,' 'short.' 'Quality' expresses 'of what sort' (qualis) a person may be, as 'orator' or 'peasant,' 'black' or 'white.' 'Relation' is what is 'related' (referre, ppl.
Nome: 140_jurisprudence_based nature_law jurisprudence_human law
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A man's goodness is based on his nature, his behavior, his training in the arts.
Divine laws are based on nature, human law on customs.
. Fas is divine law; jurisprudence (ius) is human law.
Nome: 141_tetricus_azure_brought syria_syrian
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Cimolia is white Cretan earth, named after the Italian island Cimea; one kind softens the precious colors of clothing and brightens cloth that has been darkened by sulfur, and another kind gives brightness to gemstones. 'Silver' Cretan earth (Creta argentaria, "silversmith's whiting"), actually white, is so named because it restores the luster of silver.
Now, 'silk' (sericum) is one thing, and 'Syrian' (Syricum) is another, for silk is a fiber that the Chinese (Seres; East Asians generally) export, while Syrian is a pigment that the Syrian Phoenicians gather at the shores of the Red Sea.
In Italy people make it from a powder of sand and the powdery form of natron, but if you add Cyprium that has been heated in the furnace to this mixture, it will be similar to Vestorianum (i.e. a blue pigment).
Nome: 142_spurium_mestus_multitia_maritus
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Hence 'enthymeme' is translated into Latin 'conception of the mind' (conceptio mentis), and writers on the art usually call it an incomplete syllogism, because its form of argument consists of two parts, as it employs what aims to arouse conviction while bypassing the rule of syllogisms.
But 'husband' (maritus) without an additional term means a man who is married. 'Husband' comes from 'masculine' (mas, adjective) as if the word were mas (i.e. "male," noun), for the noun is the primary form, and it has masculus as a diminutive form; maritus is derived from this.
Although the origin of terms, whence they come, has received some accounting by philosophers - such that by derivation 'human being' (homo) is so called from 'humanity' (humanitas), or 'wise person' (sapiens) from 'wisdom' (sapientia), because wisdom comes first, then the wise person - nevertheless a different, special cause is manifest in the origin of certain terms, such as homo from 'soil' (humus), from which the word homo properly is so called.
Nome: 143_ignarus_gnarus_ignarus knowing_knowing
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Needy (egens) and destitute (egenus), "indigent (indigens)," without a nation (gens) and without a family (genus).
Ignorant (ignarus), "not knowing (gnarus)," that is, unknowing, that is, without a nose (nares), for the ancients called knowing "sniffing out."
Living (vivens), "alive" (vivus).] Fickle (varius), as if not having one path (via), but of unfixed and confused thought.
Nome: 144_wild beasts_circus comprises_beasts_produces wild
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As in human beings the thirtieth year is the time of full maturity, so in cattle and beasts of burden the third year is the strongest.
The nearer part of it is fruitful, but the more remote part is filled with wild beasts and serpents and great onagers wandering in the desert.
However, in areas covered by forest it produces wild animals, in steep mountains horses and onagers.
Nome: 145_abraham called_abraham_agar hagar_agar
Quantidade de documentos: 19
6.A son of Abraham was Ishmael, from whom arose the Ishmaelites, who are now called, with corruption of the name, Saracens, as if they descended from Sarah, and the Agarenes, from Agar (i.e Hagar).
The sons of Cush: Saba (i.e. Seba), Havilah, Sabtah, Raamah, Seba, and Cuza.
Others say Africa is named from one of the descendants of Abraham and Keturah, who was called Afer (i.e. Epher), of whom we made mention above (IX.ii.115).
Nome: 146_commerce commercium_36a_commercium_mustum
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Commerce (commercium) is named after merchandise (merx, gen. mercis), by which term we speak of things for sale.
36.A culleum (i.e. a leather bag in which parricides were sewn up and drowned) is a container for parricides, named from covering (occulere), that is, enclosing.
1.A cottage (casa) is a rustic little dwelling of wattles and woven with reeds and twigs, in which people can be protected from [
Nome: 147_given jews_julus_dacians_tribes
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Matthias, who is considered the only one among the apostles to be without a surname, means "the one granted," so that it may be understood: "in place of Judas," for he was elected in Judas's place by the apostles, when lots were cast to decide between two people.
The diversity of languages arose with the building of the Tower after the Flood, for before the pride of that Tower divided human society, so that there arose a diversity of meaningful sounds, there was one language for all nations, which is called Hebrew.
The Dacians were offshoots of the Goths, and people think they were called Dacians (Dacus) as if the word were Dagus, because they were begotten 'from the stock of the Goths' (de Gothorum stirpe).
Nome: 148_duty_functus_officio_peculatus
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Hence 'propitiatory offerings' (supplicium) that were made from the goods of people who had suffered punishments (supplicium) are called 'supplications' (supplicatio): thus holy things took their being from the belongings of the accursed.
Thus we say that those who have completed services they owed have 'discharged their duty' (functus officio); whence also the phrase 'having held (functus) public office.'
The ointment box spoken of by the Evangelist himself was made out of alabastrites (Luke 7:37), for people hollow out this stone for ointment vessels because it is said to be the best material for preserving ointments unspoiled.
Nome: 149_rivers europe_air emptiness_arsenic takes_bird seeks
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It is a river of Germany counted among the three greatest rivers of Europe.
Nothing is more soothing to the eyes of gem cutters than this refreshing green.
Of all the fiery gems, the carbuncle (carbunculus) holds the principal rank.
Nome: 150_great force_plates_abundant gemstone_adhere strongly
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The Indian bulls are tawny and they are as swift as a bird; their hair is turned backward; with their flexibility they turn their head around as they wish; by the hardness of their skin they repel every dart in their fierce wildness.
Form, that the body should be strong and solid, the height appropriate to the strength, the flank long, very lean, with well-rounded haunches, broad in the chest, the entire body knotted with dense musculature, the foot firm and solid with a concave hoof.
It is a type of Gaulish projectile made of the toughest possible wood, which certainly does not fly far when thrown, because of its weight, but where it reaches it smashes with very great force.
Nome: 151_consists strict_strict artus_cords restis_capillum
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Some say a measuring rod is so called because it rules (regere), or because it offers a norm of living correctly (recte), or because it corrects (corrigere) anything distorted or wicked.
Hair (capilli) is so called as if it came from 'strands belonging to the head' (capitis pilus), made so as both to be an ornament, and to protect the head against the cold and defend it from the sun. 'Strands of hair' (pilus) are so called after the skin (pellis) from which they grow, just as the pestle (pilo, i.e. pilum) is so called froma mortar (pila), where pigment is ground.
67. 'Venus's hair' (capillum Veneris) is so called because it reestablishes hair (capillum) lost from alopecia, or because it discourages hair loss, or because it has smooth, black shoots that shine like hair.
Nome: 152_equidistant_sun gleaming_gleaming orb_glittering stars
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. God distinguished the sky with bright lights, and he filled it with the sun and the gleaming orb of the moon, and he adorned it with brilliant constellations composed of glittering stars.
They say that the sphere of heaven moves on these two poles, and with its movement, the stars, whichare fixed in it, make their circuit fromthe east to the west, with the northern stars completing shorter circular courses next to the turning point.
God embellished the heaven and filled it with bright light - that is, he adorned it with the sun and the gleaming orb of the moon, and the glorious constellations of glittering stars.
Nome: 153_legere ppl_legere_lector_eligere
Quantidade de documentos: 19
The meditative (meditativus) is named from the sense of someone intending (meditari), as lecturio ("I intend to read," formed on legere, ppl.
Witches (lamia), whom stories report would snatch children and tear them apart, are particularly named from 'tearing apart' (laniare).
They were called religious people from 're-reading' in the same way that fastidious (elegens, i.e. elegans) is from 'choose' (elegere, i.e. eligere), caring (diligens) from 'care for' (diligere), intelligent (intellegens) from 'understand' (intellegere).
Nome: 154_austronotius_boreus_called austronotius_called boreus
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Syllables are called long and short because, due to their varying lengths of sound, they seem to take either a double or single period of time. 'Diphthong' (dipthongus) syllables are so called from the Greek word (i.e. from 6t-, "double" + ??9ó??oç, "sound"), because in them two vowels are joined.
The movement of the sphere is caused by its turning on two axes, one of which is the northern, which never sets, and is called Boreus; and the other is the southern axis, which is never seen, and is called Austronotius.
Although it has one name, it produces more than one type; the Aminean 'twin' (duae geminae) so called because it yields double grapes, and the Aminean 'woolly' (lanatus), because it has a woolly down, more so than others.
Nome: 155_hesheit_preposition_paradigm_pronoun
Quantidade de documentos: 18
Thus while we say centum ("hundred") and trecentos ("three hundred"), after that we say quadringentos ("four hundred"), putting G for C. Similarly there is a kinship between C and Q, for we write huiusce ("of this") with C and cuiusque ("of each") with a Q. The preposition cum ("with") should be written with a C, but if it is a conjunction ("while"), then it should be written with a Q, for we say quum lego ("while I speak").
Furthermore, 'twenty' (viginti) is so called because ten 'occurs twice' (bis geniti), with the letter v put in place of the b. 'Thirty' (triginta) is so called because it arises (gignere) from three (ternarius) tens, and so it goes up to 'ninety' (nonaginta).
This was the origin of the word dediticius: once, when slaves took up arms and fought against the Roman people, they were defeated and 'gave themselves up' (se dare, perfect tense dedi), and they were arrested and were punished with various marks of shame.
Nome: 156_ennius says_says annals_concerning ennius_ennius
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Concerning this Ennius says (Annals 492): He places many things in the hold (forus), and the long gangway (agea) is filled.
Concerning it Ennius says (Annals 483): That I may hold the tiller (clavus) straight and steer the ship.
Concerning it Ennius says (Annals 499): They fasten the hooked tonsillae, they grip the shore.
Nome: 157_lesser quality_sun goes_beneath shins_ankle situated
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Arcturus is a star located in the sign of Bootes beyond the tail of the Great Bear.
The third kind is 'liquid'; it is used for fumigating wool because it gives whiteness and softness.
The one type is soft, close to lead, and suitable for use in wheels and nails, while another type is breakable and bronze-like, well suited for tilling the earth.
Nome: 158_translates_arguments_discussion_arguments known
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The major premise of an induction introduces (inducere) parallels, in one or more aspects, to the matter that must be granted.
Translator (interpres), because he is the medium 'between the sides' (inter partes) of two languages when he translates.
But the person who interprets (interpretari) God is also called an interpreter for the humans to whom he reveals divine mysteries [
Nome: 159_gestures_workmen_lips_carried mixture
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Hence a person who has not paid the sum or participated in the curia is not a decurio.
Some are said to have no tongues, using nods or gestures in place of words.
Augurs say that omens are found in the gestures and movements and flights and calls of birds.
Nome: 160_materials_works small_unless vent_unable bite
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Similarly, thick semen also lacks the power to beget anything, because, due to its excessive thickness, it cannot mix with the menstrual blood.
Its power is so concentrated that, when sprinkled into the mouths of lions and bears, they are unable to bite because of its astringent force.
The force of must's fermenting is so great that it quickly shatters vessels filled with it, however sturdy they are, unless there is a vent.
Nome: 161_bronze iron_silex_unmixed_adulterated
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The wood of cypress is closest in character to cedar - it also is suitable for the timbers of temples; its impenetrable solidity never gives way under a burden, but it retains its initial strength.
It may be adulterated, mixed with resin or gum, but it can be distinguished by its properties, for frankincense, set on fire, burns, while resin fumes, but gum liquefies when heated.
People adulterate its sap with oil of the henna tree or honey mixed in, but it can be proved to be unmixed with honey if it coagulates with milk, and unmixed with oil if, when instilled or mixed in with water, it easily dissolves, and further if woolen clothing soiled with it is not stained.
Nome: 162_offspring bear_womb_mothers womb_aged
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But he holdsa crown of vines anda horn, because when wine is drunk in moderation and acceptably it confers happiness, but when it is drunk immoderately it stirs up quarrels - that is, it is as if it gives horns.
The reason for this characteristic is obvious, for when the cubs grow in their mother's womb and, as their powers mature, become strong enough to be born, they detest the delay in time so much that they tear with their claws at the laden womb since it is standing in the way of delivery.
It is said that this bird does not fully provide food for the young it has produced until it recognizes in them a similarity to its own color through the blackness of their feathers, but after it sees that they are horrible of plumage it nourishes them more abundantly, as completely acknowledged offspring.
Nome: 163_day light_type day_case day_light day
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To medicine belong not only things practiced by the skill of those properly called physicians (medicus), but also matters of food and drink, clothing and shelter.
This disease is caused by a sick person's intemperance, or by poor administration of medical treatment - or it is a slow recovery following an illness.
Surgery is incision by iron tools, for by the iron blade those things that have not responded to the medicinal power of pharmaceutics are cut out.
Nome: 164_horace_horace says_odes_says epistles
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. Metalepsis (metalempsis) is a trope designating what follows from what precedes it, as (Persius, Satires 3.11): The hand of this sheet came, and a knotty reed pen.
A certain Tages is said to have first given the art of aruspicina (i.e. divination by inspection of entrails; see 17 above) tothe Etruscans.
About him Horace says (Odes 3.18.1): Faunus, lover of fleeing nymphs, may you pass lightly through my borders and sunny fields.
Nome: 165_icon_poppy_9ptam called_tyriaca antidote
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Sarcasm (sarcasmos) is hostile ridicule with bitterness, as (cf.
Myrmecitis imitates the appearance of a crawling ant (cf. µápµ?(, "ant").
Meconites resembles a poppy (cf. µ?mYv, "poppy").
Nome: 166_farum_lighthouse_called pup_lung
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A lighthouse (farum; cf. Greek j?poç) is a very tall tower which the Greeks and Latins in common have named 'lighthouse' from its particular use, because thanks to its signal of flames it may be seen from far off by sailors.
The reddened (russata) garment, which the Greeks call Phoenician and we call scarlet, was invented by the Lacedaemonians so as to conceal the blood with a similar color whenever someone was wounded in battle, lest their opponents' spirits rise at the sight.
10.A lighthouse (farum, i.e. pharos) is a very tall tower, which the Greeks (i.e. ???poç) and the Latins both call farum in accordance with its function, because the signal of its flame may be seen by sailors from afar, as we have said above (see XV.ii.37).
Nome: 167_accepted sound_adjoined soul_altar given_adultery bad
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But that which is given for the sake of fornication and adultery is bad, and therefore not an arrabo.
But this much is certain: the sinews constitute the greatest part of the substance of strength, for the thicker they are, the more they are disposed to augment strength.
From this we may understand that it is not the weight of a substance, but rather its nature, to which quicksilver yields.
Nome: 168_gold sewn_scarlet purple_matrons_sewn
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The abanet is a rounded priestly belt, woven like damask out of scarlet, purple, and hyacinth, such that flowers and gems seem to be set out on it.
The nimbus is a transverse headband made of gold, sewn onto a linen cloth, and is worn by women over the forehead.
It is a band that goes around the edges of clothing, woven either of thread or of gold, and sewn onto the outside lower edge of the garment or cloak.
Nome: 169_herciscunda_imported_ascalon_peach
Quantidade de documentos: 17
The Marsian nation of Italy is so called from Marsyas, the companion of Liber, who revealed the practice of viticulture to them.
The Allophyli (allophylus, lit. "foreigner") founded the city of the Philistines; it is Ascalon, of which we have spoken above, named after Chasluim (Cesloim), who was the grandson of Ham and son of Mesraim.
The Persian peach (Persicus) is so called because Perseus - from whom the Ptolemies claimed that they sprang - first planted that tree in Egypt.
Nome: 170_aerarium_gold silver_aerarium remained_money
Quantidade de documentos: 17
and the Calf (Vitulus) because he was made a sacrificial victim for us, and Lion (Leo) for his kingdom and strength, and Serpent (Serpens) for his death and his sapience (sapientia), and again Worm (Vermis) because he rose again,
Bronze (aes, gen. aeris) money came into use first, then silver, and finally gold followed, but money still retained its name from the metal with which it began (i.e. aes continued to mean 'money' as well as 'bronze').
Among the ancients, moreover, it was named laudea; afterwards, with the letter d removed and r substituted it was called laurus - just like auricula ("ear"), which originally was pronounced audicula, and medidies, which is now pronounced meridies ("midday").
Nome: 171_ebro_iberus_river iberus_iberus ebro
Quantidade de documentos: 17
The Spanish were first named Iberians, after the river Iberus (i.e. the Ebro), but afterwards they were named Spaniards (Hispanus) after Hispalus (i.e. the legendary founder of Hispalis, Seville).
Hispania was first named 'Iberia' after the river Iberus (i.e. Hiberus, the Ebro), later 'Hispania' from Hispalis (i.e. Seville).
Dionysius (i.e. Dionysus, the god of wine), who is also Father Liber, when as conqueror he walked through India, founded the city Nysa next to the river Indus, named it after his own name, and filled it with fifty thousand people.
Nome: 172_library_unmetered speech_syros_unmetered
Quantidade de documentos: 17
After the Law (i.e. Torah) was burned by the Chaldeans, the scribe Ezra, inspired with the divine spirit, restored the library of the Old Testament when the Jews had returned to Jerusalem, and he corrected all the scrolls of the Law and Prophets, which had been corrupted by the gentiles, and he ordered the whole Old Testament into twenty-two books, so that there might be as many books in the Law (i.e. the Old Testament) as they had letters of the alphabet.
This Ptolemy, moreover, seeking from the pontifex Eleazar the writings of the Old Testament, was responsible for the translation from Hebrew into Greek, by seventy scholars of those writings that he held in the Alexandrian library.
There are, in fact, two epiphanies: the first, in which, when the angel announced it, the newborn Christ appeared to the Hebrew shepherds; the second, in which a star, by its guidance, caused Magi from the pagan peoples to come to worship at the cradle that was a manger.
Nome: 173_cluster_botryo_crepido_cubile place
Quantidade de documentos: 17
159): We pray to wine (for the god is present here), inplace of 'Liber,' who, according to the Greeks, invented wine.
3. Crepido (i.e. a projection, promontory) is a broken-off extremity of rock, whence a height of sheer rock is called crepido, as in (Vergil, Aen.
Cluster (botrus) .. .A cluster-stalk (racemus, i.e. the stem of a cluster) is a part of a botryo, and botryo (i.e. 'cluster') is a Greek word (i.e. ßótpUç).
Nome: 174_ptv_tpoptm_circle_speakers sun
Quantidade de documentos: 17
The third circle is called ¡µ?ptvóç, and is called 'equinoctial' (aequinoctialis) by Latin speakers, because the sun, when it goes across to this zone, makes the day and night equal length (aequinoctium) - for the term ¡µ?ptvóç means 'day and night' in Latin.
It is called 'winter' (hiemalis) or brumalis (i.e. another word for "winter") by Latin speakers, because when the sun travels to this circle, it makes winter for those who are in the north, and summer for those who live in the southern regions.
The fifth circle is the y?tµ?ptvòç (i.e. "winter") tpoptmóç, which in Latin is called 'winter' or 'of the winter solstice,' because when it comes to this circle the sun makes winter for those who live in the north and summer for those in the southern parts.
Nome: 175_defense milo_cicero defense_defense_mastruca
Quantidade de documentos: 17
Antithesis (antitheton) occurs where opposites are placed against each other and bring beauty to the sentence, as this (Ovid, Met. 1.19): Frigida pugnabant calidis, humentia siccis: mollia cum duris, sine pondere habentia pondus (Cold things battled with hot ones, moist with dry, soft with hard, those having weight with the weightless).
When these are set in opposition they make for beauty of expression, and among the ornaments of speech they remain the most lovely, as Cicero (Catiline Oration 2.25): "On this side shame does battle; on that, impudence; here modesty, there debauchery; here faith, there deceit; here piety, there wickedness; here steadiness, there rage; here decency, there foulness; here restraint, there lust; here in short equity, temperance, courage, wisdom, all the virtues struggle with iniquity, dissipation, cowardice, foolhardiness - with all the vices.
The mastruca is a Germanic garment made from the hides of wild animals, about which Cicero speaks in On Behalf of Scaurus (45): "He whom the royal purple did not disturb, was he moved by the mastruca of the Sardinians?" Mastruca is as if the word were monstruosus ("monstrous"), because those who wear them are transformed as if in the garb of wild animals.
Nome: 176_species definition_mat_definition called_called mat
Quantidade de documentos: 16
The eleventh species of definition is called mat' s22?tpsç ó2om2?poU óµo(c)oU ysvoUç in Greek, in Latin 'by the shortage of the full amount of the same kind' (per indigentiam pleni ex eodem genere) - as if it were asked what a triens is, and it were answered, "That which is short of an as by two-thirds."
The thirteenth species of definition is called mat? tò ppóç tt in Greek, and 'by relationship' (ad aliquid) in Latin, as is this: "A father is a man who has a son," "A master is a man who has a slave."
The treatment of diseases falls into three types: pharmaceutics (pharmacia), which Latin speakers call medication (medicamen); surgery (chirurgia), which Latin speakers call 'work of the hands' (manuum operatio) - for 'hand' is called y?(c)p by the Greeks (cf. also spyov, "work"); and regimen (diaeta), which Latin speakers call rule (regula), that is, the careful observance of a regulated way of life.
Nome: 177_dogma_ia_alleluia_inventor
Quantidade de documentos: 16
Eighth, Ia (i.e. Yah), which is only applied to God, and which sounds as the last syllable of 'alleluia.'
Likewise the Seraphim are a multitude of angels whose name, translated from Hebrew into Latin, is "Ardent Ones" or "Fiery Ones."
Atlas was Prometheus' brother and the king of Africa, and is said to have been the inventor of astrology (i.e. in modern terms astronomy and astrology) and for that reason he is said to have held up the heavens.
Nome: 178_sedere_sedda_sedere word_iam
Quantidade de documentos: 16
passus), as 'I am whipped' (verberor); neutral (neutralis) verbs, because they neither act nor undergo action, as 'Iam lying down' (iaceo), 'Iam sitting' (sedeo)- for if you add the letter r to these, they do not sound Latin.
An anchorage (statio) is where ships stay (stare) for a while; a harbor (portus), where they winter; an unsuitable (inportunus) place, however, is one where there is no refuge, in a manner of speaking, no harbor.
Moreover, a harbor is a place that is protected fromexposure to the winds, where the winter winds would make things difficult, and harbor (portus) is derived from conveying (deportare) trade-goods.
Nome: 179_air air_water air_water water_air
Quantidade de documentos: 16
By these, healthy people are governed, and feeble people are stricken, for when they increase beyond their natural course they cause sickness.] Just as there are four elements, so there are four humors, and each humor resembles its element: blood resembles air, bile fire, black bile earth, and phlegm water.
Thus spring is linked to the east (oriens), because at that time everything springs (oriri) from the earth; summer to the south, because that part is more flaming with heat; winter to the north, because it is numb with cold and continual frost; fall to the west, because it brings serious diseases, whence also at that time all the leaves of the trees fall.
Finally, physicians and those who write about the physiology of the human body, especially Galen in his book titled W?pot? inquo, say that the bodies of children, youths, and men and women of mature age burn with an innate heat, and that for these ages foods that increase heat are noxious, and that to take whatever things are cold for eating conduces to good health.
Nome: 180_fungus_fulmen_picus_catch
Quantidade de documentos: 16
Lightning (fulgur) and the 'lightning bolt' (fulmen), the strokes of a celestial dart, are named from 'striking' (ferire); for to 'flash' (fulgere) is to 'strike' and to 'cut through.'
Fulgus because is touches (tangere), fulgor because it ignites and burns (urere), and fulmen because it splits (findere).
The firebrand (fax, gen. facis) is so called because it starts (facere, lit. "makes") the hearth-fire (focus); its diminutive is facula.
Nome: 181_unmarried_closely related_incastus_incestus
Quantidade de documentos: 16
The judgment of incest (incestum) is made with regard to consecrated virgins or those who are closely related by blood, for those who have intercourse with such people are considered incestus, that is, 'unchaste' (incastus).
Incestuous (incestus), so called from illicit intercourse - as if the word were incastus ("not chaste") - as one who defiles a holy virgin or someone closely related to himself.
The wine that is poured out as a libation and offered at an altar is called infertus. 'Polluted' (spurcus) is wine that may not be offered, or in which water is mingled, as if it were 'bastardized' (spurius), that is, unclean.
Nome: 182_orbit_lunar_earth day_solstitial
Quantidade de documentos: 16
For the moon is said to complete its orbit each year, Mercury every twenty years, Lucifer every nine years, the sun every nineteen years, Vesper every fifteen years, Phaethon every twelve years, and Saturn every thirty years.
The Egyptians, however, first reckoned the day of the month from the course of the sun, because of the swifter course of the moon, so that no error in computation would come about because of its speed, for the slower movement of the sun could be perceived more easily.
For the moon in its course is known to shine twentynine and a half days, so that there are 354 (i.e. 12 × 29.5) days in a lunar year; there remain in the course of a solar year eleven days, which the Egyptians add (adicere).
Nome: 183_lightbearer_lucifer lightbearer_cubit_joshua
Quantidade de documentos: 16
Those same were the Gibeonites, from the city of Gibeon, who came as suppliants to Joshua (Joshua 9:3-15).
There, too, isa racea cubit tall, whom the Greeks from the term 'cubit' call pygmies (pigmaeus; cf. pUyµ?, "cubit"), of whom I have spoken above (section 7).
Latin speakers also call one species of heliotrope 'wild chicory' (intubum silvaticum).
Nome: 184_samian_erymanthus_invented island_called samian
Quantidade de documentos: 16
Tradition has it that clay vases were first invented on this island - whence vases are also called Samian.
Some people think the gemstone jasper provides good fortune and protection to pregnant women - but this belief belongs not to faith but to superstition.
3. Ceramic dishes are said to have been first invented on the island of Samos, made from white clay and hardened by fire, hence 'Samian dishes.'
Nome: 185_experience_school_argumentation_truth extent
Quantidade de documentos: 16
The conclusion of these syllogisms greatly aids the reader in investigating the truth, to the extent that the error of deceiving the opponent by the sophisms of false conclusions may be banished.
Second, the Empirical school was founded by Aesculapius; it is the most grounded in experience and depends not on the symptomatic signs but on experimental results alone.
So the Empiricists advocate experience alone; the Logicians add reasoning to experience; the Methodicians take no account of reasoning from principles, nor of circumstances, ages, and causes, but only of the actual diseases.
Nome: 186_habits_moral habits_mos_consuetudo
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2. Custom (mos) is longstanding usage, taken likewise from 'moral habits' (mores, the plural of mos). 'Customary law' (consuetudo) moreover is a certain system of justice (ius), established by moral habits, which is received as law when law is lacking; nor does it matter whether it exists in writing or in reason, seeing that reason commends a law.
Moreover laws are made so that human audacity may be controlled by fear of them, and that innocence may be protected among the wicked, and that among the wicked themselves the power of harming may be reined in by the fear of punishment - for by the rewards and punishments of the law, human life is governed.
But custom (mos) is a longstanding usage drawn likewise from 'moral habits' (mores, the plural of mos). 'Customary law' (consuetudo) is a certain system of justice established by moral habits, which is taken as law when a law is lacking; nor does it matter whether it exists in writing or reasoning, since reason also validates law.
Nome: 187_seven_heaven seven_seven years_ages
Quantidade de documentos: 16
Intervals of time are divided into moments, hours, days, months, years, lustrums, centuries, and ages.
He holds a pipe of seven reeds, on account of the harmony of heaven, in which there are seven tones and seven intervals of sound.
The sixth age is old age (senectus), which has no time limit in years; rather, however much life is left after the previous five ages is allotted to old age.
Nome: 188_november_october_vowels semivowels_december
Quantidade de documentos: 16
Those of the Syrians and Chaldeans began with Abraham, so that they agree in the number of characters and in their sounds with the Hebrew letters and differ only in their shapes.
Furthermore, vowels and semivowels and mutes were called by the ancients sounds (sonus) and semisounds (semisonus) and non-sounds (insonus).
But Raamah, Seba, and Cuza gradually lost their ancient names, and the names that they now have, instead of the ancestral ones, are not known.
Nome: 189_phoroneus_apollo phoroneus_almighty offended_band men
Quantidade de documentos: 16
King Phoroneus was the first to establish laws and legal processes for the Greeks.
Lycurgus first devised legal structures for the Spartans by the authority of Apollo.
The first flood occurred at the time of Noah, when the Almighty was offended by the sins of humans.
Nome: 190_jews say_abraham bring_apostates rebaptizing_baptized
Quantidade de documentos: 16
By this indirection he avoids obscenity, and decently expresses the act of sexual intercourse.
It is he who, having tried to lay claim to an unlawful priesthood for himself, was stricken with leprosy in the face.
Also he is the tempter, because he claims that the innocence of the righteous must be tempted, as it is writtenin Job.
Nome: 191_succeeded_brother cadmus_phoenix brother_thebes syria
Quantidade de documentos: 16
As Xerxes, king of the Persians, crossed into Thrace, and the Spartan maidens, in fear of the enemy, neither left the city nor performed the solemn procession and rustic dance of Diana according to custom, a crowd of shepherds celebrated this with artless songs, lest the religious observance should pass unmarked.
After Hercules perished in Spain, his leaderless army, composed of various nations, sought homes for themselves in various places, and from this mass Medes and Persians and Armenians, having sailed across to Africa by ship, occupied the regions nearest the sea.
Certain Gauls, driven by their civil discord and incessant dissensions, set out for Italy seeking new territory, and after the Etruscans (Tuscus) had been expelled from their own land, they founded Mediolanum (i.e. Milan) and other cities.
Nome: 192_persius_persius satires_satires_concerning persius
Quantidade de documentos: 15
2. Cinna mentions this type thus (fr. 11): On Prusias's boat I have brought as a gift for you these poems through which we know the aerial fires, poems much studied over with Aratus's midnight lamps, written on the dry bark of smooth mallow.
The peloris (i.e. a kind of mussel) is named after Pelorus, a promontory in Sicily where they abound: (Vergil, Aen. 3.687): Behold, Boreas from the narrows of Pelorus.
About it, Persius (Satires 1.42): And having said things worthy of cedar (cedrus); that is, because of its lasting perpetuity.
Nome: 193_nubes_clouds nubes_neptune_brides
Quantidade de documentos: 15
Brides (nupta) are so called because they veil their faces, for the word for brides is taken from 'clouds' (nubes), which cover the heavens.
2. Clouds (nubes) are named from'veiling' (obnubere), that is, covering the sky; whence also brides (nupta), because they veil their faces, and also Neptune (Neptunus), because he casts a veil (nubere), that is, covers the sea and earth.
Mist (nebula) is named from the same source as nubila ("overcast sky"), that is, from 'veiling' (obnubere), that is, hiding the earth, or it is what 'flying cloud' (nubes volans) makes.
Nome: 194_horses oxen_succentor_genders_canis
Quantidade de documentos: 15
A common (communis) noun is so called because one noun has a share in both genders, as hic canis ("this male dog") and haec canis ("this female dog").
Lambdacism (labdacismus) happens if two Ls are pronounced instead of one, as Africans do, as in colloquium instead of conloquium, or whenever we pronounce a single L too weakly, or a double L too strongly.
However, strictly speaking, the term 'livestock' is usually applied to those animals that are either suitable for food, such as sheep and swine, or are suitable for use by humans, such as horses and oxen.
Nome: 195_sentences_hortatory exhortativus_exhortativus_hortatory
Quantidade de documentos: 15
There are sentences of one warning (admonens), one laughing (inridens), one moaning (gemens).
There are hortatory (exhortativus) sentences, consoling (consolativus) sentences, those of one commiserating (commiserans).
There are 'double-edged statements' (amphidoxa), conferring partly honor, partly dishonor, as (Ovid, Met. 2.53): Your desire is not safe: you seek great things, Phaeton.
Nome: 196_astula named_caia word_called castrating_caia
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Sponges (sfungia) are named from 'tidying' (fingere), that is, polishing and cleaning.
Harvest (messis) is named from 'reaping' (metere), that is, cutting back.
The dagger (pugio) is so called from piercing (pungere) and transfixing.
Nome: 197_luxus_water aqua_aequor_aqua
Quantidade de documentos: 15
Snow (nix) is named from the cloud (nubes) whence it falls, while ice (glacies) is named from 'freezing' (gelu) and 'water' (aqua), as if the word were gelaquies, that is, 'frozen water' (gelata aqua).
Water (aqua) is so named because its surface is 'even' (aequalis), hence it is also called aequor (lit. "level surface," used metaphorically for the sea), because its height is even.
Boiled (elixus), because it is cooked in water only, for water is called lixa because it is a solution (solutus) - wherefore also 'giving rein' (solutio) to desire is called debauchery (luxus, noun), and dislocated limbs are described as luxus (adj., "sprained").
Nome: 198_sign victory_wished ritually_account rape_approached
Quantidade de documentos: 15
Hence also the Greeks claim that Minerva is the inventor of many arts, because literature, and the arts of many schools, and philosophy itself have considered Athens as their temple.
Thus indeed a city would be encircled by a plow, with young oxen of different genders indicating the mingling of its households, as a sign of sowing and bearing fruit.
On this scipio would sit an eagle, to signify that by victory the triumphant ones approached celestial greatness.
Nome: 199_deportatus_lawfully judge_judge justice_relegatus
Quantidade de documentos: 15
But he does not govern who does not correct (corrigere); therefore the name of king is held by one behaving rightly (recte), and lost by one doing wrong.
To examine lawfully is to judge (iudicare) justly, and a person is not a judge if justice is not in him.
Severe (severus), as if 'a true savage' (saevus verus); for he maintains justice without mercy.
Nome: 200_usually extinguishes_burns water_oil usually_extinguishes extinguished
Quantidade de documentos: 15
It has this marvelous characteristic: once it has been set on fire, it burns in water, which usually extinguishes fire, and it is extinguished in oil, which usually kindles fire.
When wood from it is placed in water it immediately sinks, and after it has lain for some time in the mud it rises to the surface, contrary to what is natural - when soaked it ought to stay down with the weight of the moisture.
Its nature produces something amazing, for after it has caught fire it burns in water, which usually extinguishes fire, and it is extinguished by oil, which usually ignites fire.
Nome: 201_patv_6astv_patv patv_2c9o
Quantidade de documentos: 15
6tamov?±v, "minister," "do service") is related to 'dispensing of service' (ministerii dispensatio).
duo, "both"), because the moon may appear both during the day (dies) and at night.
µ??(c)ç, "on both sides"; ßa(c)v?tv, "go"), one in the proper place and one on the tail, and it advances with both heads leading, its body trailing in a loop.
Nome: 202_called electrum_altitudo_monere_offertory
Quantidade de documentos: 15
The offertory (offertorium) gets its name for the following reason: a fertum (sacrificial cake) is the name of an oblation which is offered (offerre) and sacrificed at the altar by high priests, and from this the offertory is named, as if 'because of the fertum.'
An explanation taken from myth has led it to being called electrum, for the story goes that when Phaethon was killed by a bolt of lightning, his sisters, in their grief, were turned into poplar trees, and they exude amber (electrum) as tears, year in and out, by the river Eridanus (i.e. the Po); and it is called electrum because many poets said the sun used to be called Elector (the 'Shining One').
It was formerly called ador from 'eating' (edere), because it was what people first used, or because in a sacrifice bread of that kind was offered 'at altars' (ad aras) - whence furthermore sacrifices are called adorea (i.e. an honorary gift of grain).
Nome: 203_wretchedness_zimri_makes people_bitterness
Quantidade de documentos: 15
The Stumbling-stone (Lapis offensionis), because when he came in humility unbelievers stumbled (offendere) against him and he became a 'rock of scandal' (Romans 9:33), as the Apostle says (I Corinthians 1:23), "Unto the Jews indeed a stumbling block (scandalum)."
Phinehas, "one who spares the mouth," for with a dagger he pierced Zimri along with his Madianite harlot, and appeased the fury of the Lord, so that he might be sparing (Numbers 25:6-15).
Formerly a Nazarite meant one who would not cut his hair, retaining it as holy, and would countenance nothing tainted, abstaining from wine and every intoxicating drink that subverts the mind from its healthy soundness (see Numbers 6:2-5).
Nome: 204_cain_son john_cainan_father nations
Quantidade de documentos: 15
Indeed she was to be the princess of all nations, as the Lord had promised to Abraham (Genesis 17:16), "I will give thee from Sara a son, whom I will bless, and he shall become nations, and kings of people shall spring from her."
Some people simply take it that Simon, that is Peter, is the son of John, because of that question (John 21:15), "Simon of John, lovest thou me?" - and they consider it corrupted by an error of the scribes, so that Bar-Iona was written for Bar-Iohannes, that is, 'son of John,' with one syllable dropped. 'Johanna' means "grace of the Lord."
Andrew, the brother of Peter in the flesh, and his co-heir in grace; according to its Hebrew etymology 'Andrew' means "handsome one" or "he who answers," and further in Greek speech he is called "the manly one" from the word for "man" (cf.
Nome: 205_gathering waters_fervens mare_fervens_praecordia
Quantidade de documentos: 15
Muscles (lacertus), otherwise known as 'mice' (mus), because in the individual limbs they take the 'place of the heart' (locus cordis), just as the heart itself is in the center of the whole body, and they are called by the name of the animals they resemble, that lurk under the earth, for muscles (musculus) are so called from their similarity to mice.
The praecordia are places close to the heart in which sensation is perceived; and they are called praecordia because the origins (principium) of the heart (cor, also meaning "the seat of understanding" - see 127 below) and of deliberating thought (cogitatio) are to be found there.
But 'straits' (fretum) are named because there the sea is always seething (fervere); for a strait is narrow, a 'seething sea' (fervens mare) as it were, named from the agitation of the waves, as if it were 'agitating the sea' (fervens mare), like the Straits of Gibraltar or of Sicily.
Nome: 206_zebedee_medus_media_jason
Quantidade de documentos: 15
Because of this Hezekiah, king of Judah, is shown to have purged and purified the Temple of the Lord once the idols that preceding kings had consecrated were removed.
This James is the son of Zebedee, the brother of John, who is revealed to have been killed by Herod after the ascension of the Lord.
The invention of this art drove his teacher Daedalus green with envy, and he threw the boy headlong from the citadel.
Nome: 207_eyelids_eyelids cilium_hairs_lumen
Quantidade de documentos: 15
There are those who maintain that vision is created from external light in the air, or it is from a luminous inner spirit that proceeds from the brain through thin passages and, after it has penetrated the outer membranes, goes out into the air, where it produces vision upon mixing with a similar substance.
Eyes (oculus) are so called, either because the membranes of the eyelids cover (occulere) them so as to protect them from the harm of any chance injury, or because they possess a 'hidden light' (occultum lumen), that is, one that is hidden or situated within.
At the tips of the eyelids, where they touch each other when closed, the hairs growing in an orderly row stand out and serve to protect the eyes, so that they may not easily sustain injury from objects falling into the eye and be hurt, and so as to prevent contact with dust or with some coarser material; by blinking they also soften the impact of the air itself, and thus they cause vision to be precise and clear.
Nome: 208_afficere_afficere glutton_believers executioner_blood flower
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Wisdom (Sapientia), because he himself reveals the mysteries of knowledge and the secrets of wisdom.
Executioner (carnifex), because he 'makes dead meat' (carnem afficere).
Raw (crudus) meat, because it is gory (cruentus), for it has blood.
Nome: 209_bit called_chalybs_acetaforum_vascones basques
Quantidade de documentos: 15
Thessaly was the birthplace of Achilles and the original home of the Lapiths, of whom it is said that they were the first to break horses to the bit, whence they were also called Centaurs (cf. msvtpov, "bit").
The lembus is a short little boat that is otherwise known as the cumba or the caupulus, and also the lintris, that is, carabus, which is used on the Po River and in marshes.
Qualus,a wicker basket (corbis), and the strainer (colum) of the wine press, through which the must flows, are so called from 'straining' (colare).
Nome: 210_light weight_white light_yellow bright_abounding
Quantidade de documentos: 14
Different types of cithara belong to this division, and also drums, cymbals, rattles, and bronze and silver vessels, and others that when struck produce a sweet ringing sound from the hardness of their metal, as well as other instruments of this sort.
If they are touched by the blood of the menses, crops cease to sprout, unfermented wine turns sour, plants wither, trees lose their fruit, iron is corrupted byrust, bronze turns black.
It is white and light in weight, sweet, of pleasant scent; the Indian type is black and light like a hollow stalk, whereas the Syrian is heavy, colored like boxwood, bitter in odor - but the best is white, light in weight, dry, and fiery in taste.
Nome: 211_good things_animals deprived_causes urgings_contemplative reason
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Indeed, he before anyone else examined the first principles of the sky and the power of natural things with contemplative reason.
Indeed, he whose high and just judgment no scoffer evades is sparing in proportion as they do not spare themselves.
Satisfaction (satisfactio) moreover, is to shut out the causes and urgings of sins and not to repeat the sin further.
Nome: 212_body alive_body subsists_buried body_body stone
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The Gymnosophists also restrain themselves from procreation.
Sometimes also there is a body that is alive and yet lacks flesh, like grass or trees.
In men it restrains sexual activity.
Nome: 213_gruel_saturitas_fullness saturitas_fauces
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Satirists (saturicus) are so called either because they are filled with all eloquence, or from fullness (saturitas) and abundance - for they speak about many things at the same time - or from the platter (i.e. satura) with various kinds of fruit and produce that people used to offer at the temples of the pagans, or the name is taken from 'satyr plays' (satyrus), which contain things that are said in drunkenness, and go unpunished.
from 'food' (pabulum), because they are stuffed - they are commonly called titus] is called a 'chaste bird' (avis casta) from its behavior, because it is a companion of chastity (castitas), for it is said to proceed alone after it has lost its mate, nor does it need any further carnal union.
Satiety (satietas) and fullness (saturitas) are distinct, for satiety can be spoken of with regard to a single food, because it is enough (satis), but fullness takes its name from a 'mixed dish' (satura) that is made up of a varied preparation of foods.
Nome: 214_woman mulier_leaning_litanies_penitence
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We may set down as all the gradations the decent, the useful, the likely, the possible, the consistent, or conversely the indecent, the useless, the insufficiently likely, the impossible, the contradictory.] It will be fitting nevertheless so to arrange our principles that we say either that one ought to believe in the authority of the ancients, or that faith in fables is not to be maintained.
Although this name is not written in Sacred Scripture, nevertheless it is supported in the formal naming of the whole Trinity because an account is offered according to which it is shown to be spoken correctly, just as in those books we never read that the Father is the Unbegotten (Ingenitus), yet we have no doubt that he should be spoken of and believed tobe that.2
This is surely the saying of one who is showing that after the Fall of the bad angels those who were steadfast strove for the firmness (firmitas) of eternal perseverance; diverted by no lapse, falling in no pride, but firmly (firmiter) holding steady in the love and contemplation of God, they consider nothing sweet except him by whom they were created.
Nome: 215_cadaver_tigris called_tiger_tiger tigris
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Cough (tussis) is named after the term for 'depth' in Greek, because it comes from deep in the chest, as opposed to higher in the throat, where the uvula tickles.
A person is called grave for his good counsel and steadfastness, because he does not hop about with a light motion, but stands firm with a fixed gravity (gravitas) of constancy.
These make the earth on which they move smoke, as Macer thus describes it (fr. 8): Whether their backs froth out poison, or it smokes on the earth, where the hideous snake crawls.
Nome: 216_modulation_modulation voice_sounds agreement_consonants
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The first division of music, which is called harmonic (harmonicus), that is, the modulation of the voice, pertains to comedies, tragedies, or choruses, or to all who sing with their own voice.
3. Symphony (symphonia) is the blend of modulation made from low and high sounds in agreement with one another, either in voice, or blowing, or plucking.
A tone (i.e. a modal scale) is also the variation and quantity of a mode (harmonia) which consists of vocal accent and tenor.
Nome: 217_modius_mediocris_modius named_measure modus
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This word and 'melody' (melos) take their names from sweetness and honey (mel).
The modius is so named because it is perfect in its own measure (modus).
The maststep (modius, also meaning "a measure of volume") is that in which the mast stands, named on account of its resemblance to a measuring vessel.
Nome: 218_calumniator_guileful_deludere_swears
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Guileful (dolosus), "deceptive" or "malicious," because he 'practices guile' (deludere), for to deceive someone he colors his hidden malice with charming words.
Pimp (leno), an arranger of lewd practice, because he charms the minds of wretched people and seduces them by cajoling (delinire, i.e. delenire).
Seductive (pellax), "guileful and false," from 'skin' (pellis), that is, 'face,' for such a one smiles on the outside in order to deceive, but bears malice within.
Nome: 219_middle sign_spear middle_sign death_dissolved
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Therefore this letter has a spear through the middle, which is the sign of death.
While the cadaver is carried, we speak of it as the exsequiae; when cremated, the remains (reliquiae); when already interred, the buried (sepultum).
For the site of the future city was marked out with a furrow, that is, by a plow.
Nome: 220_chief city_city called_africa starts_ascalon cappadocia
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Ephraim, because God added him on, and the name is translated in our language as "addition."
Africus is named from its particular region, for it is in Africa that it starts to blow.
Corinth is its chief city, the ornament of Greece.
Nome: 221_abandons_abandons seeks_accompanied agitation_accompanied forgetfulness
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It is a disturbed state, accompanied by agitation and dementia, caused by an onslaught of bile.
It is an overpowering of the brain, accompanied by forgetfulness and incessant sleep like that of one who is snoring.
The nature of all the septentrional winds is cold and dry, and that of the austral winds is moist and warm.
Nome: 222_2oy_2oy flame_aen displays_aen depastus
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Whence also a wrecked (convulsus) ship, whose projecting parts are carried off by the force of a storm, as in Vergil (Aen.
Unbridled (infrenis), that is, one who is not controlled by a bridle (frenum), as (Vergil, Aen.
Mount Etna is so called from fire (cf. aÂ9?tv, "burn") and sulfur; Gehenna likewise (see ix.9 below).
Nome: 223_differences_astrology differences_arabians_arabians differences
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There were also special signs for the payment of stipends.
There is some difference between astronomy and astrology.
There are also differences in the types of dying.
Nome: 224_68 flattery_breeds friends_breeds_flattery
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The sententious is that which a general maxim (sententia) adduces, as in Terence (Andria 68): Flattery breeds friends; truth, hatred.
A maxim (sententia) is an impersonal saying, as (Terence, Andria 68): Flattery breeds friends; truth, hatred.
A maxim (sententia) is an impersonal saying, as (Terence, Andria 68) Flattery breeds friends, truth hatred.
Nome: 225_accidence trope_army wiped_arises imagination_conjunct iunctus
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According to Cicero, a tripartite dispute is either simple or conjunct (iunctus).
Now epilepsy arises in the imagination, melancholy in the reason, and mania in the memory.
An army may be wiped out intwo ways, by wholesale slaughter or by dispersal.
Nome: 226_myv greek_myv_word dog_canis
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Zechariah, "memory of the Lord," for at the end of the seventieth year after the destruction of the Temple was finished, while Zechariah was preaching, the Lord remembered his people, and by the command of Darius the people of God returned, and both the city and the Temple were rebuilt.
The term 'lion' (leo, gen. leonis) is of Greek origin but is declined in Latin, for it is called 2sYv in Greek, and it is a mongrel term, because it is partly corrupt.
The tick (ricinus) is a vermin found on dogs (canis), so called because it sits in the 'ears of dogs' (auribus canum), for máYv is the Greek word for dog.
Nome: 227_6mtu2o_6mtu2o finger_cf 6mtu2o_wasting away
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It is called ??9(c)otç (lit. "wasting away") among the Greeks, because it involves a 'wasting away' (consumptio) of the entire body.
(h)austus, "drink," and cf. XIII.xi.6) a wave of water in its mouth (os, gen. oris) or because it appears (oriri) at the time when the Pleiades begin to decline in the west.
, "sweet"; o(c)6?,a plant), or pentorobina (i.e. pentorobos; cf. psvt?, "five"; opoßoç, "vetch seed") from the number of its seeds, or as others say, dactylos from its resemblance to fingers (cf. 6?mtU2oç, "finger").
Nome: 228_named syria_syrian language_born bases_authors sibyls
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And among the Assyrians, Bel is also called Saturn and Sol in a certain aspect of his rites.
It is said that a certain Syrus, a native of the land, named Syria after himself.
There is also a certain green Sabinus stone extremely resistant to fire.
Nome: 229_pictured_accomplishment_adulterer_adulterer fickle
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Hence also the 'Right Hand' (Dextera) because of his accomplishment of the work of all creation, which was formed by him.
They are pictured naked because by them individual faults are laid bare.
They also say he is the master of trickery, because speech deceives the minds of those who listen.
Nome: 230_white lead_lead_according report_added according
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When the vessel is sealed, coals are placed around it and thus quicksilver is distilled from cinnabar.
A coating of tin on bronze vessels makes the taste more pleasing and discourages the contamination of verdigris.
After thirty days the vessel can be opened, and you will find white lead, produced from the distillation of the lead sheets.
Nome: 231_haughty_mercy_royal_consuls
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Just as nowadays for kings to be clothed in the purple is the mark of royal dignity, so for them anointing with sacred ointment would confer the royal title and power.
Because the Romans would not put up with the haughty domination of kings, they made a pair of consuls serve as the governing power year by year - for the arrogance of kings was not like the benevolence of a consul, but the haughtiness of a master.
But although generals held command for a long time with the title of imperator, the senate decreed that this was the name of Augustus Caesar only, and he would be distinguished by this title from other 'kings' of nations.
Nome: 232_fear timor_tpop_timor_cone
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Whence also the southern part of the world calls the birds that inhabit the floods of the Nile ibexes (ibex, i.e. ibis).
By contrast, shady (opacus) places are the opposite of sunny spots, as if the word were opertum caelum ("hidden sky").
Indeed, what other is an insurrection than a disturbance so great that a greater fear (timor) arises?" Whence an insurrection (tumultus) is so called as if it were 'great fear' (timor multus).
Nome: 233_circum turningposts_circuitus horses_olympiad_circum
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The Cyclades were in ancient times islands of Greece, and people believe that they were called Cyclades because, although they project out a rather long way from Delos, they are nevertheless arranged in a circle around it - for the Greeks call a circle mám2oç. But others think that they are so called not because the islands are arranged in a circle, but because of the sharp rocks that are situated around them (i.e. that encircle them).
It is said to be called Delos because, after the deluge known to have occurred during the reign of Ogygus, when the globe was cast into continuous night for many months, it was the first among all places of the earth to be lit by the rays of the sun; it was allotted its name from having been the first to become visible to the eyes; for the Greeks say 6?2oç for "plainly visible."
But the Greeks say it was named after Circe, daughter of the sun god, who founded this kind of competition in honor of her father, and from her name they argue that the term circus derived.
Nome: 234_make gems_cadmia_people make_gems kings
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Its soil produces the tree 'Medica,' which is rarely found in any other region.
It produces venomous spiders and a stone that is called 'dactyl of Ida.'
Indeed, just as the ore from which bronze is made is called cadmia, so it reappears in furnaces and receives its original name.
Nome: 235_socrates_iniquity_justice iniquity_person running
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Fair (aequus), meaning "naturally just," from 'equity' (aequitas), that is, after the idea of what is equal (aequus) - whence likewise 'equity' is so called after a certain equalness (aequalitate).
Consoler (consolator), 'comforting interlocutor'; and a consoler is so called because he focuses attention on the single (solus) person to whom he is speaking, and alleviates his solitude by talking with him.
True (verus), from truth (veritas); hence also verax ("truthful"). 'Truth' is prior to 'true,' because truth does not derive from a true person, but a true person from truth.
Nome: 236_color red_green color_ammoniac gum_approaches carchedonia
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The chameleon (chamaeleon) does not have one color alone, but is speckled with a diverse variety like the pard.
Lesbian marble is slightly more bluish than Thasian, but also has spots of various colors.
Corinthian is similar to drops of ammoniac gum with a variety of different colors.
Nome: 237_ethiopia_artabatitans ethiopia_ana_ana esaus
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The Jews claim that Ana, Esau's great-grandson, was the first to have herds of mares mounted by asses in the desert, so that new animals, mules, might be conceived contrary to nature.
It is said that in Ethiopia there are ants in the shape of dogs, who dig up golden sand with their feet - they guard this sand lest anyone carry it off, and when they chase something they pursue it to death.
This stone also provides a most blatant example of the shamelessness of magicians, because they claim that someone carrying an herb blended with a heliotrope, once certain spells have been cast, cannot be seen.
Nome: 238_grace_divine wrath_medicine god_dire
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He is the 'Mouth of God' (Os Dei) because he is his Word, for just as we often say 'this tongue' and 'that tongue' for 'words,' which are made by the tongue, so 'Mouth' is substituted for the 'Word of God,' because words are normally formed by the mouth.
Hagar is "alien" or "turned back," for she was [as an alien given to the embrace of Abraham for the sake of bearing children, and after her display of contempt, when the angel rebuked her, she turned back to Sara].
Dire (dirus), "very mean" and "horrible," as if driven that way 'by divine wrath' (divina ira), for a dire condition means that which is brought on by divine wrath.
Nome: 239_light sun_suns_bicolored having_black horse
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When it is waxing, its horns look to the east, and when it is waning they look to the west, and justly so, since it is about to set and lose its light.
The second day is named from the moon, which is closest to the sun in brilliance and size, and it borrows its light from the sun.
The biga with the moon, because it travels on a twin course with the sun, or because it is visible both by day and by night - for they yoke together one black horse and one white.
Nome: 240_paeon_ionic_epitrite_diiambus ditrochaeus
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Ionic major ?? Ionic minor ??
Antibacchius ? First Paeon ???
-Marco spondente, recusas? . .
Nome: 241_tpoy_wheel_teriones_plowing oxen
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The trochee (trochaeus) is so called because it makes speedy alternations in a song, and runs quickly in meters like a wheel - for a wheel is called tpoyóç in Greek.
For triones, strictly speaking, are plowing oxen, so called because they tread (terere) the soil, as if the word were teriones.
Mars is also called Gradivus among the Thracians, because those who fight direct their step (gradus) into battle, or because they advance (gradi) readily.
Nome: 242_elis_discoverer_according opinion_contest competition
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But the Greeks say that Pythagoras discovered the elements of this art from the sound of hammers and from the striking of taut strings.
The Olympic games were established among the Greeks in the neighborhood of Elis, a Greek city, with the people of Elis performing a contest and competition every fifth year (i.e. counting inclusively), with four years intervening.
Pagans however derive the name chaff from a certain Pales, the discoverer of grain crops, whom they would identify with Ceres.
Nome: 243_2yvo lamp_2yvo_y2a milk_y2a
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2ç, "salt"), whence it is named.
2smtYp, "cock").
2. Scaptus ... (perhaps cf.
Nome: 244_food cibus_cibus_pascere_bos
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The 'large dining couch' (accubitum) is so called from food (cibus), as if it were 'for the food' (ad cibatum) of a banquet.
Food (cibus) is so called because it is taken (capere) in the mouth, just as foodstuff (esca) because the 'mouth takes' (os capit) it.
Victuals (victus) are rightly so called, because they sustain life (vita); hence to ask someone to dinner is termed to 'invite' (invitare).
Nome: 245_hippopotamus_pirus_brain_spinal cord
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Because it is equal in its length and its curvature, the straight part of the nose is called the column (columna); its tip is pirula, from the shape of the fruit of a pear-tree (pirus); the parts to the left and right are called 'little wings' (pinnula), from similarity to wings (ala; cf. pinna, "feather"), and the middle part is called interfinium.
The spine (spina, also meaning "thorn") is the backbone (iunctura dorsi, "linkage of the back"), so called because it has sharp spurs; its joints are called vertebrae (spondilium) on account of the part of the brain (i.e. the spinal cord) that is carried through them via a long duct to the other parts of the body.
The intestines (intestina; cf. intestinus, "inward") are so called because they are confined in the interior (interior) part of the body; they are arranged in long coils like circles, so that they may digest the food they take in little by little, and not be obstructed by added food.
Nome: 246_2to_titimallum_cf 2to_cf o2v
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A sun terrace (solarium) is so called because it is open to the sun (sol) and breezes (aura), as was the place from which David saw Bathsheba bathing and fell in love (II Kings 11:2 Vulgate).
The reason for this stone's name is from its effect, for when it is thrown into a bronze basin it changes the rays of the sun with a blood-colored reflection (cf. ?2toç, "sun"; tpop?, "change"), but when out of the water it receives sunlight like a mirror, and reveals an eclipse of the sun by showing the advancing moon.
The vulvus (i.e. bulbus, "edible bulb, onion") is so called because its root is rounded (volubilis) and spherical. 'French lavender' (stoechas) grows on the Stoachades islands, whence it is named.
Nome: 247_melted_binding_added continuous_wood copper
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Thus glass is heated by pieces of light dry wood, and when copper and natron are added with continuous firing so that the copper is melted, lumps of glass are produced.
Bronze 'bloom' is made or originates in the casting process, when bronze is remelted and reliquefied, and cold water is poured on top, for the 'bloom' is produced from a sudden condensation, as from spittle.
Bronze also generates verdigris: when shreds of sheet bronze are placed over a vessel of very sharp vinegar so that they start dripping, what falls from this into the vinegar is pulverized and passed through a sieve.
Nome: 248_bundle basil_basil nearby_bound bundle_bundle
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They say that when ten crabs are bound with a bundle of basil, all the nearby scorpionfish will gather in that spot.
Some people say that when ten crabs are bound with a bundle of basil, all the nearby scorpion-fish come to that place to mate.
Physicians say that our bodies are not nourished by eating pomegranates, but they consider them better for medicinal use than for eating.
Nome: 249_tempestas_tempus_6opm properly_woods storm
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Storm (tempestas, also meaning "period of time") is named either for 'season' (tempus), just as historians are always using it when they say, "in that tempestas"- or it is named from the condition (status) of the sky, because due to its size, a storm brews for many days.
Others say doorway is so called because it detains an enemy (ostis, i.e. hostis), for there we set ourselves against our adversaries - hence also the name of the town Ostia at the mouth of the Tiber, because it is set there to oppose the enemy (cf.
The throne (solium), on which kings sit for the safety of their bodies, is so called, according to some, for its 'solidity' (soliditas), as if it were solidum; according to others the word is formed by antistichon (i.e. by antistoechum, "substitution of letters") as if the word were sodium, from 'sitting' (sedere).
Nome: 250_plural pecus_pecora_pecudes_forequarters
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We say shoulder (humerus, i.e. umerus), as if the word were the 'forequarter of an animal' (armus), to distinguish humans from mute animals, so that we say human beings have shoulders, whereas animals have forequarters, for forequarters in the proper sense belong to quadrupeds.
There is a distinction between the terms pecora (i.e. the plural of pecus, neuter) and pecudes (i.e. the plural of pecus, feminine), for the ancients commonly used to say pecora with the meaning "all animals," but pecudes were only those animals that are eaten, as if the word were pecuedes (cf. esse, 1st person edo, "eat").
The ram (aries) is either named after the word ïAp?ç, that is, after 'Mars' - whence we call the males in a flock 'males' (mas, gen. maris) - or because this animal was the first to be sacrificed on altars (ara, gen. aris) by pagans.
Nome: 251_anchora people_anointed ones_ancients rendered_ancora anchora
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Hence also headdresses (discriminale) are so called, with which divided tresses are tied up.
Hence also the mussel (musculus cochlearum), by whose milt oysters conceive.
Moreover, the place where sick people are collected from the streets is called a vooomoµ?±ov ('hospital'; cf.
Nome: 252_added molds_attract molten_beams hewn_augment saffrons
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It has many sheer headlands, produces quite delightful pastures, and a stone that is called catochites by the Greeks.
It is said that in Indian marshes grow reeds and canes from whose roots is pressed a very sweet juice that people drink.
It is there that the worms that spin silk threads around trees are thought to originate.
Nome: 253_thanks_torch_achilles alexander_alexander opinion
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They also say that Diana, his twin, in a similar way is the moon, and guardian of roads - whence they consider her a virgin, because a road gives birth to nothing.
He is imagined to hold an arrow and a torch; an arrow because love wounds the heart, and a torch because it inflames.
Some are also of the opinion that it was made for the sake of laughter, for we laugh thanks to the spleen, are angry thanks to the gall-bladder, have knowledge thanks to the heart, and love thanks to the liver.
Nome: 254_sun sol_sol_allows light_appears solus
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The kite (milvus) is weak in both its strength and its flying, as if it were a 'weak bird' (mollis avis), whence it is named.
6. Solis is a white gem, and has this name because it casts its rays in the form of the sun (sol) shining on the world.
Melichrysus is so named because this gem allows light to pass through it as if it were pure honey (mel) seen through gold.
Nome: 255_agrestis ignorant_ancients strong_argestes_arach ancients
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Strong kings were called tyrants, for a tiro is a strong young man.
Earlier it was called Caurus, and most people call it Argestes - not Agrestis as the ignorant common people do.
The ancients called a town sited on a very high place a fort (castrum), as if it were a high 'cottage' (casa).
Nome: 256_fundus_foundation fundamentum_fundamentum_called enthymeme
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An 'estate' (fundus) is so called because the family's patrimony is founded (fundare) and established on it.
The drag-net (funda) is a type of fishing net, so named because it is sent to the bottom (fundus).
The hunting-net (cassis, i.e. casses) is a type of net used by hunters, so named because it captures (capere).
Nome: 257_meridies_day medius_means pure_medius dies
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The southern (meridies) zone is so called, either because the sun spends the middle of the day (medius dies) there, as though the word were medi-dies, or because the upper air is more pure there, for merus is the word for 'pure.'
Midday (meridies) is so called as if the word were medidies, that is, the 'middle of the day' (medius dies), or because then the day is purer, for merum means "pure."
The South (meridies) is so named either because there the sun makes midday (medium diem), as if the word were medidie, or because at that time the aether sparkles more purely, for merus means "pure."
Nome: 258_just differ_single word_differ_alternating depending
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We should know that the aforementioned species of definitions are rightly linked with the subject of topics, because they are set among certain of its arguments, and are mentioned in several places among the topics.
These two terms are used together in certain titles of psalms, with their order alternating depending on the musical technique.
There is a single word for birds, but various kinds, for just as they differ among themselves in appearance, so do they differ also in the diversity of their natures.
Nome: 259_superscript_greek gamma_followed latin_xi
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Go, a Greek gamma followed by a Latin O superscript, stands for an ounce.
5. Kv,a Greek kappa followed by a Latin V superscript, means a cyatum.
T2 A Latin T followed by a Greek lambda means a talent.
Nome: 260_stallions_predicts future_predicts_offspring similar
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And then this same thing is reported to have occurred inherds of mares, so that people present well-bred stallions to the view of the mares as they conceive, to enable them to conceive and create offspring resembling these stallions.
Also the Indians are accustomed to tie up female dogs in the forest at night, to expose them to wild tigers, and the tigers mount the dogs; from this mating are born dogs so fierce and strong that they overcome lions in combat.
2. Report has it that a ship belonging to natron merchants was driven there, and when these merchants went to prepare their meals here and there along the shore, they brought out clumps of natron from the ship, since there weren't any stones to support the cooking vessels.
Nome: 261_lucretius_lucretius nature_nature things_concerning lucretius
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Lucretius, On the Nature of Things 5.1192): Nubila, nix, grando, procellae, fulmina, venti (Clouds, snow, hail, tempests, lightning, winds).
Others maintain that lifegiving water moves in the earth and simultaneously shakes it, like a vessel, as for instance Lucretius (see On the Nature of Things 6.555).
Now it is the opposite (Lucretius, On the Nature of Things 5.1275): Bronze is despised and gold has attained the highest honor: thus time in its turning changes the positions of things, and what was prized becomes finally without value.
Nome: 262_casting_arrows lances_beds images_away grasped
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Darts (spiculum) are short arrows or lances, named for their resemblance to 'spikes of wheat' (spica).
Those who pass the ball to their fellow players by striking it with the outstretched lower leg are said to 'give it the calf' (suram dare).
Farmers call the forked iron instrument with which seeds are planted (pangere) a 'dibble' (pastinatum, i.e. pastinum).
Nome: 263_beasts case_specimen_mutation_genuine
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There are accounts of certain monstrous metamorphoses and changes of humans into beasts, as in the case of that most notorious sorceress Circe, who is said to have transformed the companions of Ulysses into beasts, and the case of the Arcadians who, when their lot was drawn, would swim across a certain pond and would there be converted into wolves.
Indeed, many creatures naturally undergo mutation and, when they decay, are transformed into different species - for instance bees, out of the rotted flesh of calves, or beetles from horses, locusts from mules, scorpions from crabs.
For certain kinds of gemstone it is very difficult to distinguish the genuine from the false, especially once someone has discovered how to transmute a genuine specimen of one gem into a false specimen of other gems - for example, sardonyx, which is made from three gemstones joined together so that they cannot be taken apart.
Nome: 264_infinitus number_infinitus_linear_begins number
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So also there are other numbers in the Sacred Scriptures whose figurative meaning cannot be resolved except by those skilled in the knowledge of the mathematical art.
A linear (linealis) number is one that begins from the number one and is written in a linear fashion (linealiter) up to infinity.
It is quite certain that numbers are 'without limit' (infinitus), since at whatever number you think the limit has been reached, that same number can be increased - not, I say, by the addition of only one, but however large it is, and however huge a number it contains, by reason and by the science of numbers it can be not only doubled, but even further multiplied.
Nome: 265_pontus black_pontus_black sea_propontis
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Accordingly it is called Pontus (i.e. the Black Sea), because it is traversable (cf. pons, gen. pontis, "bridge"), and for that reason it supports seals, tuna, and dolphins, but no larger sea-creatures.
Great rivers flow through it: the Baetis (Guadalquivir), Mineus (MinËœo), Iberus (Ebro), and Tagus (Tajo), which carries gold, just like the Pactolus (see iii.43 above).
Pontica stones are named after the Pontus (i.e. the Black Sea), and come in different varieties, at one time glittering with blood red spots, at another with gold spots.
Nome: 266_river orient_river asia_orient_arar river
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They say that the river Ganges, in the East, produces eels thirty feet long.
The Indus is a river of the Orient, which empties into the Red Sea.
Pactolus is a river in Asia that carries golden sands.
Nome: 267_arescere_asparagus_pots_asp
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The asp (aspis) is named thus because with its bite it introduces and scatters (spargere) venom, for the Greeks call venom "óç.
Moreover, storax is so called because the sap of this tree flows and is solidified, for the Greeks call a drop of sap an 'icicle' (stiria).
Parsley (apium) is so called because in antiquity the top (apex, gen. apicis), that is the head, of those making a triumph would be garlanded with it.
Nome: 268_james john_joel_amos_abdias
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Their names are Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi.
It should moreover be known that four people in the Old Testament were given their names without any concealment before they were born: Ishmael, Isaac, Solomon, and Josiah.
There the prophets Elisha and Abdias were buried, and John the Baptist; there was no greater among those born of women than he.
Nome: 269_equal size_called attic_angles sides_sides equal
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We speak of ruins (parietinae), as if the word were 'the ruins of walls' (parietum ruina); these are walls standing without roofs or inhabitants.
A fifth kind is that called Attic, with four angles or more, and sides of equal width.
There is also a fifth type which is called Attic; it has four angles or more, and sides of equal size.
Nome: 270_spirit vs_vs_offended agamemnon_metrophanes earned
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If a person were added to this, it would be a chreia (chria), thus: "Achilles offended Agamemnon by speaking the truth" or "Metrophanes earned the favor of Mithridates by flattering him."
If a person were added to this, it would be a chreia (chria), thus: "Achilles offended Agamemnon by speaking the truth" or "Metrophanes earned the favor of Mithridates by flattering him."
Therefore it is soul when it enlivens the body, will when it wills, mind when it knows, memory (memoria) when it recollects, reason (ratio) when it judges correctly, spirit when it breathes forth, sense (sensus) when it senses something.
Nome: 271_denounce slander_denounce_slander_ambiguity disclosed
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Excessere omnes aditis arisque relictis dii, quibus inperium hoc steterat; succurritis urbi incensae; moriamur et in media arma ruamus.
Take away the computation of time, and blind ignorance embraces all things; those who are ignorant of the method of calculation cannot be differentiated from the other animals.
Keeping the key, they watch over everything inside and out, and making judgment between the good and the bad they receive the faithful and reject the unfaithful.
Nome: 272_expiated_stipulator_quaestor_stolen
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The term piaculum (i.e. an act that demands expiation) is used for something that can be expiated (expiare), when crimes have been committed that need to be expiated according to some established practice.
They assert that all sin is uniform, saying, "He who has stolen chaff will be as culpable as one who has stolen gold; he who kills a diver-bird as much as one who kills a horse - for it is not the nature of the animal (animal), but the intention (animus), that constitutes the crime."
Hunter (venator), as if the term were venabulator (i.e. the user of a venabulum, "hunting spear") - from the word 'hunting' (venatio) - that is, the hunting of wild animals.
Nome: 273_did lay_declared unless_considered worse_accepted private
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He was killed; he did not lay a trap.
Indeed, how else should such a one be considered but as worse than brute beasts?
And he adds this a little further on: "No war is considered just unless it is officially announced or declared, and unless it is fought to recover property seized."
Nome: 274_dreams_warning say_written warranties_vulcans lust
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Daniel, "judgment of God," either because in his judgment of the elders he delivered a judgment based on divinely inspired consideration when he freed Susanna from destruction by uncovering their falsity, or because, discerning with shrewd intelligence, he disclosed visions and dreams in which the future was revealed by certain details and riddles.
Wives (uxor) are so called as though the word were unxior, for there was an ancient custom that, as soon as newlyweds would come to their husbands' threshold, before they entered they would decorate the door posts with woolen fillets and anoint (unguere, perfect unxi) them with oil.
Some portents seem to have been created as indications of future events, for God sometimes wants to indicate what is to come through some defects in newborns, and also through dreams and oracles, by which he may foreshadow and indicate future calamity for certain peoples or individuals, as is indeed proved by abundant experience.
Nome: 275_subsuperparticulars_subdivided categories_subsuperpartients_numbers subdivided
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Even numbers are subdivided into these categories: evenly even, evenly odd, and oddly even.
Odd numbers are subdivided into these categories: the primary and simple; the secondary and compound; and the tertiary and mean, which in a certain way is primary and non-compound, but in another way is secondary and compound.
Minor numbers are divided thus: submultiples, subsuperparticulars, subsuperpartients, submultiple subsuperparticulars, and submultiple subsuperpartients.
Nome: 276_fewer_openings_men women_eggs
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Some are there to allow us to tell the difference between the sexes, as for instance the genitals, the grownbeard, and the wide chest in men; in women the smooth cheeks and the narrow chest; although, in order to conceive and carry a fetus, they have wide loins and sides.
Thus in the act of procreation an animal conveys external forms internally, and since she is filled with the images of these things, she combines their appearance with her own particular quality.
Among female fish, some conceive by means of intercourse with a male, and bear offspring, while others deposit their eggs formed without any involvement on the part of the male, who, after the eggs have been deposited, floods them with the casting of his seed.
Nome: 277_passagenumber_text_indicated_abundant marriage
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These signs were used in this way: several scribes standing by together would write down whatever was said in a trial or judgment, with the sections distributed among them so that each scribe would take down a certain number of words in turn.
The first two of these were written in a quasiSapphic meter, because the three short verses that are joined to each other and begin with only one letter conclude with a heroic period.
Therefore, if you have one of the Gospels open and want to know which of the evangelists say similar things, start with the passage-number lying alongside the text, and then look for that same passage-number in the canon table indicated by the table-number.
Nome: 278_apennine mountains_umbrians_albanians_apennine
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The Ancient is that uncouth language that the oldest people of Italy spoke in the age of Janus and Saturn, and it is preserved in the songs of the Salii.
The Umbrians are a nation of Italy, but they are the offspring of the ancient Gauls, and they inhabit the Apennine mountains.
Like the Umbrians they inhabit the region of the Apennine mountains.
Nome: 279_adjoining regions_alteration massulians_area people_armenius
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The Persians were named after King Perseus, who crossed into Asia from Greece and there dominated the barbarian nations with heavy and prolonged fighting.
Armenius of Thessaly was one of Jason's generals who set out for Colchis with a gathered multitude that wandered here and there upon the loss of their king Jason.
The Persian boundary, which divides the Scythians from them, is named Scytha, and the Scythians are regarded by some people as having been named from that boundary-a nation always held to be very ancient.
Nome: 280_kings wear_wear gold_appendices_appendices prince
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Principales, magistrates, and duumvirs are orders of curial offices.
Indeed the Emperor Nero used to watch gladiator matches using a smaragdus.
The Roman emperors and certain pagan kings wear gold crowns.
Nome: 281_psalmchanting_sacerdos_bishops_diapsalm
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A priest (sacerdos) has a name compounded of Greek and Latin, as it were 'one who gives a holy thing' (sacrum dans), for as king (rex) is named from 'ruling' (regere), so priest from 'making sacrifice' (sacrificare) - for he consecrates (consecrare) and sanctifies (sanctificare).
Elders (presbyter) are also called priests (sacerdos), because they perform the sacraments (sacrum dare), as do bishops; but although they are priests (sacerdos) they do not have the highest honor of the pontificate, for they neither mark the brow with chrism nor give the Spirit, the Comforter, which a reading of the Acts of the Apostles shows may be done by bishops only.
lectus) and psalmists (psalmista) from singing psalms, for the former pronounce to the people what they should follow, and the latter sing to kindle the spirits of their audience to compunction - although some readers also declaim in so heart-rending a way that they drive some people to sorrow and lamentation.
Nome: 282_ether_greek ayv_means eat_ayv
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The mule (mulus) has a name derived from Greek - for it is this in Greek - or because, forced by the miller's yoke, It draws the slow millstone (mola) around in grinding (molere).
Of course, ether is itself an element, but aethra (i.e. another word for ether) is the radiance of ether; it is a Greek word.
The 'fava bean' (faba) derived its name in a Greek etymology from 'eating,' as if it were faga, for in Greek ??ay?±v means "to eat."
Nome: 283_rhetoric invention_exspectare_cicero rhetoric_stolid stultus
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Cicero puts it thus in his art of rhetoric (On Invention 1.9): "If deliberation (deliberatio) and demonstration (demonstratio) are kinds of arguments (causa), they cannot rightly be considered parts of any one kind of argument - for the same thing can be a kind of one thing and part of another, but not a kind and a part of the same thing," and so forth, up to the point where the constituents of this syllogism are concluded.
The argument is 'from a slur' (a nota) when some argument is chosen because of the force of a particular term, as Cicero (Against Piso 19): "I was seeking, as I say, a consul - whom I could not find in that gelded boar."
Stolid (stultus), rather dull in spirit, as a certain writer says (Afranius, fragment 416): "I consider myself to be stolid (stultus); I don't think myself a fool," that is, with dulled wits, but not with none at all.
Nome: 284_gourd cucurbita_cucurbita_gourd_y2um means
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Latin speakers name the chestnut (castanea) from a Greek term, for the Greeks call it maot?vta, because its paired fruits are hidden in a small sack like testicles, and when they are ejected from it, it is as if they were castrated (castrare).
The herb called henbane (hyoscyamos) by the Greeks is called the 'chalice-like' (calicularis) herb by Latin speakers, because its calyxes (caliculus) grow in the shape of goblets like those of pomegranates.
Cyclamen (cyclaminos) is so called in Greek after a certain person named Cyclos who first discovered the virtues of this herb - or, because it has a rounded root, for the Greeks call a "rounded thing" mám2oç.
Nome: 285_sarcophagus_sacred spine_ayv eat_pv
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Sciatica (sciasis) is named after the part of the body that gives trouble, for the Greeks call the bones of the hip joints, whose tips reach to the edge of the pelvis, "oy(c)a.
The 'sacred spine' (spina sacra) is the lowest part of the spinal column; the Greeks call it ¬?pòv òotouv, because it is the first bone which is formed when a child is conceived, and for this reason it was the first part of a sacrificial animal that would be offered by the pagans to their gods - whence it is called 'sacred spine.'
Comfrey (symphytos) is so called in Greek (i.e. oáµ??Utov) because it has so much potency in its root that it draws together scattered chunks of meat in the pot (cf. oUµ??Uttmóç, "causing to draw together").
Nome: 286_doesnt_alive sinks_adhere female_balsam does
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And it is not enough that it reaches such a height, but it snatches a school of fish with it (i.e., perhaps, in a waterspout), and when poured out becomes the cause of all growing things on earth.
Nor does it allow sailing, because everything that is not alive sinks into its depths, and it does not support any material unless it is made bright with asphalt.
But adulterated balsam does not coagulate with milk, and like oil it floats on top of water and stains clothing.
Nome: 287_obols_means obols_obols latin_beta means
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The Latin letter T means three obols.
H, the letter eta, stands for eight siliquae, that is, a tremis.
IB, an iota next to a beta, means half a solidus.
Nome: 288_lenis_soft mollis_named soft_soft lenis
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The lentil (lentis, i.e. lens) is so named because it is moist and soft (lentus), or because it adheres to the soil (cf.
The hammer (malleus) is so named because it strikes and stretches out anything when it is hot and soft (mollis).
The file (lima) is so named because it makes things smooth (lenis), for mud (limus) is smooth.
Nome: 289_nomisma_onyx_africa africa_aprica
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10.A boy (puer) is so called from purity (puritas), because he is pure and still retains, without the hint of a beard, the bloom of the cheeks.
2. Further, there are those who think that Africa (Africa) is named as though the word were aprica ("exposed to the sun"), because it is open to the sky and the sun and without bitter cold.
9.A nomisma is a gold, silver, orbronze solidus, and it is called nomisma because it is stamped with the names (nomen, gen. nominis) and images of rulers.
Nome: 290_bays_situated ocean_situated_cadiz lie
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They are found near Apulia on the island Diomedia, flying between the crags of the shore and the rocks.
They are situated in the Ocean, against the left side of Mauretania, closest to where the sun sets, and they are separated from each other by the intervening sea.
Located between Samos and Mykonos, it is inhospitable due to jutting rocks and a lack of bays offering harbor.
Nome: 291_speak descendants_does mean_hominibus_descendants
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Moreover, this scheme occurs not only in single words, but also in the grouping of words, as this from (Sempronius) Gracchus (fr. 43): "Your boyhood was a dishonor to your youth, your youth the disgrace of your old age, your old age the scandal of the state."
Younger (adulescentior)] undoubtedly does not mean 'more grown up' (magis adolescens), but rather 'less grown up,' and in the same way 'elder' (senior) means 'less old,' where the comparative degree signifies less than the positive.
Therefore, senior does not mean "fully old," just as 'rather young' (iunior, i.e. a comparative form, lit. "younger") means "among the youths," and 'rather poor' (pauperior, i.e. the comparative of pauper, "poor") means "between rich and poor."
Nome: 292_shegoat_monstrosities_things like_infancy youth
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With this, people intend to distinguish the ages of man: the first, adolescence, is ferocious and bristling, like a lion; the midpart of life is the most lucid, like a she-goat, because she sees most acutely; then comes old age with its crooked happenstances - the dragon.
Other fabulous human monstrosities are told of, which do not exist but are concocted to interpret the causes of things - like Geryon, the Spanish king fabled to have three bodies, for there were three brothers of such like minds that there was, so to speak, one soul in their three bodies.
They also imagine certain monstrosities from among irrational living creatures, like Cerberus, the dog of the nether world that has three heads, signifying through him the three ages in which death devours a human being - that is, infancy, youth, and old age.
Nome: 293_preaching_animals preaching_blisters liquid_applied human
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and in this time occurred the division of languages, and the people were dispersed through the whole earth because of the building of the tower].
The animals are four because, by their preaching, the faith of the Christian religion has been disseminated through the four corners of the earth.
because when he both justified and condemned Christ with his mouth, he struck on both sides in the manner of a hammerer].
Nome: 294_claudus_clodus_lame_bird shits
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If they wished to know their proper name, they would call themselves 'worldly' (mundanus) rather than 'clean' (mundus).
The ancients named the beard (barba) that which pertains to men (vir) and not to women.
The ancients said saurex for sorex just as they said claudus for clodus ("lame").
Nome: 295_acation largest_agates_agates magicians_asphalt makes
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It creates no small danger for sailors, when the waves of the sea and the currents of the river wrestle together.
In regard to haematite magicians make some promise about its revealing any ambushes of the barbarians.
With the fumes of agates magicians, if it may be credited, ward off storms and halt the flow of rivers.
Nome: 296_crimson_persians_combat persians_care enticed
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Hence women will lacerate their cheeks in grief, and crimson robes and crimson flowers are offered to the dead.
There the limbs of wretched people, consumed with weariness and fasting, are given care.
The Persians wear jewels, the Chinese wear silk, and the Armenians wear quivers.
Nome: 297_cases form_features_ophite_markings
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. Portents, then, or unnatural beings, exist in some cases in the form of a size of the whole body that surpasses common human nature, as in the case of Tityos who, as Homer witnesses, covered nine jugers (i.e. about six acres) when lying prostrate; in other cases in the form of a smallness of the whole body, as in dwarfs (nanus), or those whom the Greeks call pygmies (pygmaeus), because they are a cubit tall.
They are different from ophite in that ophite, as we said above, has markings like a snake, while these have markings combined in a different way - for Augustean markings are undulating and curled into whorls, while Tiberian are of gray that is spotty and not swirled.
It is not simply in clothing but in physical appearance also that some groups of people lay claim to features peculiar to themselves as marks to distinguish them, so that we see the curls (cirrus, perhaps "topknot") of the Germans, the mustaches and goatees of the Goths, the tattoos of the Britons.
Nome: 298_adiectio called_adiectio_abundance called_additions adiectio
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Moreover, whenever consonants were doubled, they placed a mark called sicilicus (i.e. a mark shaped like a sickle, ) above, as in the words cella, serra, asseres.
Again, he is called Clarity (Splendor) because of what he plainly reveals.
Likewise the carica (i.e. a dry fig) is also named from its abundance.
Nome: 299_adjectives called_accuser certain_animal generic_anima species
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Certain nouns and adjectives are called hexaptota because they have distinct inflection in six cases, as the word unus ("one").
Definite (finitus) pronouns are so called because they define (definire) a certain person, as ego ("I"); for you immediately understand this to be me.
Genus, as 'animal,' for that is the generic (generale) and common term for all things having a soul (anima).
Nome: 300_bluish color_color purplish_black silex_color reveals
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Their color reveals their age, for they turn black as they grow old.
Some of these are white, some purple, and some pink, like pomegranate flowers.
Of this kind of stone, black silex is the best, and also red silex in some places.
Nome: 301_centum_half like_decem_curia
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One hundred' (centum) is so called from 'iron wheel-tire' (canthus) because it is circular; 'two hundred' (ducenti) comes from 'two onehundreds' (duo centum).
Centurions are so called because they command a hundred (centum) soldiers; similarly quinquagenarii, because they are at the head of fifty (quinquaginta) soldiers, and decani, because they are set over ten (decem) soldiers.
The Danube (Danubius) river of Germany is said to be named from the abundance of snow (nix, gen. nivis) by which it is much swelled.
Nome: 302_family city_domicile_world domicile_house dwelling
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And there are an equal number of languages, which arose across the lands and, as they increased, filled the provinces and islands.
A house is the dwelling place of a family, as a city is the dwelling place of a single populace, and as the world is the domicile of the whole of humankind.
A house is the dwelling of one family, as a city is of one population, as the world is the domicile (domicilium) of the whole human race.
Nome: 303_usefulness_apart essential_passivity_activity passivity
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But human poverty of diction has taken up this term from our usage, and likewise for the remaining terms, insofar as what is ineffable can be spoken of in any way - for human speech says nothing suitable about God - so the other terms are also deficient.
There are certain terms applied to God from human usage, taken from our body parts or from lesser things, and because in his own nature he is invisible and incorporeal, nevertheless appearances of things, as the effects of causes, are ascribed to him, so that he might more easily make himself known to us by way of the usage of our speech.
Some parts in our body were created solely for reasons of usefulness, as for instance the viscera; some for usefulness and ornament, like the sense organs in the face, and the hands and feet in the body, limbs that are both of great usefulness and most pleasing form.
Nome: 304_bricks_bricks later_laterculus_wooden forms
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Pavements (pavimentum) that are worked out with the skill of a picture have a Greek origin; mosaics (lithostratum) are made from little pieces of shell and tiles colored in various hues.
Bricks (later) and tiles (laterculus), because they are made in a wide (latus) mold by means of four wooden forms placed around their sides.
Small bricks (laterculus) are so called because their stretched-out (latus) shape is formed by four boards placed allthe way around.
Nome: 305_damascus_lacedaemon son_queen semiramis_semiramis
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Barabbas, "son of their teacher," doubtless "of the teacher of the Jews," who is the devil, the instigator of the murderers, who reigns among them still today.
Emor built the Samarian city Sichem, which is called Sichima in Latin and Greek, and named it after the name of his son Sichem.
The turban was invented by the Assyrian queen Semiramis; that nation has retained this type of ornament from then up until today.
Nome: 306_said god_air believed_created exist_consciousness
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Thus some, like Dionysius the Stoic, said that God is this world of the four elements visible to the bodily sense.
Some, like Pythagoras, said God is a lucid consciousness immanent in everything.
Again,] the Platonists at any rate assert that God is guardian and ruler and judge.
Nome: 307_village_flows dead_judea arabia_euphrates
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Sallust, a most trustworthy authority, asserts (Histories 4.77) that the Tigris and the Euphrates flow from a single source in Armenia; taking different courses they flow further apart, leaving a space of many miles in between.
The Syrian river called the Orontes flows along the walls of Antioch; originating (oriens) from the east (solis ortus), it joins the sea not far from that city.
It originates at the foot of Mount Libanus (i.e. Mt. Lebanon), and separates Judea from Arabia; after many twists and turns it flows into the Dead Sea near Jericho.